Argument research task Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argument research task - Essay Example The writers tries to give reasons how racism have a negative effect to a society and an individual who is discriminated based on racism. The first premise can be supported by the fact that the jobless rate among the whites is 6.6% while that of blacks is 12.6%, according to a study conducted by Pew Research centre. The same research supports the second premise as it indicates that black people are denied basic right such as quality education, decent housing and police brutality. The fact that the writer wrote the article based on reason that racism is still a menace in this modern society, makes the reason valid and good. The first premise is aimed to portray how blacks suffers racism while the second premise can be supported by the reason that blacks are denied basic rights like right to access public transport. The article can be said to be a sound argument because the conclusion absolutely follows from true premises presented in the article; the premises state that racism is likely to be subjected to black people. The conclusion should be accepted because racism has a negative impact to the society. The write has also used hyperbole to show how racism is despicable such as â€Å"face of Europe’s horror at shameless racism.† Generally, the article can be said to be in the form of deductive argument since the conclusion follows from the premises. From the two premises there is one logical conclusion, which indicated that blacks are still prone to racism in this modern world. The modern world is characterized aspects such advance technology like trains and sporting activities like football which is supposed to unite people regardless of race. The writer’s point of view is that racism is reality in this modern world and should be stopped. Negative effects of racism are severe to a society, and to an individual, which can be illustrated by the manner in which the man was instilled fear. Logically, racism should

High school Essay Example for Free

High school Essay Many people would like to become a cheerleader, however, they are afraid of being stereotyped, and in turn, these stereotypes may affect ones chances of successfully becoming a cheerleader. â€Å"Stereotyping is so common in our society that when you meet someone for the first time you are often stereotyped before you even reach, ‘hello. ’ The way people perceive us can have a profound effect on how we see ourselves† (Mega Essays, 2008). Cheerleading has three common stereotypes as this sport gains in popularity. The first stereotype of cheerleading is a controversy that rages on about whether or not it is a sport. Next, cheerleaders are often times compared to people with unflattering and unintelligent personalities. Finally, there have also been questions about the inclusion of males upon cheerleading teams. Though many examples exist, the three examples listed above seem to be the most challenging stereotypes which keep many afraid of joining the sport of cheerleading. Cheerleading is very popular in middle schools all the way up to the university education level, but unfortunately, several observers often question a cheerleader’s athletic ability. Cheerleaders put in hard work by lifting weights, working up a sweat, and even facing possible injury. These athletes have a strong drive for determination and dedication by practicing at all hours of the day both with their team, and also individually. Some cheerleaders may often say they practice more than the teams they cheer for. So the question arises, why not give them the title and respect they strongly deserve? Independent cheerleaders also compete nationally in addition to high school and college cheer teams; however, many cheerleaders are left pondering whether or not they can gain the attention and recognition they need to officially declare cheerleading as a sport (Ninemire, 2008). Besides the questions of cheerleading as a sport, cheerleaders are often stereotyped from the moment they are met and identified as uneducated ditzy blondes. â€Å"She’s dumb,† â€Å"She’s ditzy,† â€Å"He’s feminine,† and â€Å"They’re snobs† are just some of the stereotypes that are often used. Many people who have been a cheerleader, met one, or have even watched a cheerleading team, have experienced these stereotypes. As stated by Mega Essays, (2008) â€Å"Stereotyping is most often someone’s perception of an individual or a group based on social status, education level, race or even looks. Therefore, why do they constantly defend their sport and themselves? † One of the stronger stereotypes within the cheerleading world is the placement of men on the cheer team. As males enter the world of cheerleading they are immediately labeled as being effeminate. They are faced with society’s overcoming stereotype of a male Barbie figure (Bluestein, 1994). Unfortunately, these qualities often lead to males defending their sexuality. â€Å"Against popular belief, females where [sic] not the founders behind the sport of cheerleading; instead males who were so eager to cheer while watching sporting events created this sport. In the 1890’s the first pep club was organized at Princeton University and it was there where the first organized yell was recorded† (Bluestein, 1994). In many high schools around the world, due to the stereotypes, very few males participate on a cheer squad. â€Å"There are more then [sic] 3,000 high school and college cheerleaders in the United States. 97% of all cheerleaders are female; however, approximately 50% of collegiate cheerleaders are male† (Bluestein, 1994). Over the years, there have been many stereotypes which have agonized and affected the cheerleading world. Some stereotypes of cheerleaders include the comparison of cheerleaders with uneducated ditzy blondes, the assumption that cheerleading is not an actual sport, and should males cheer on a team. Furthermore, one should be cautious when joining this sport because of the amount of rumors, whether true or not. According to About. com (2008), â€Å"Cheerleading has expanded from pom-poms and pep rallies into big business an estimated half-billion dollar industry. In addition to college cheerleaders who joke that they practice more than their football teams, there are also independent cheerleading groups not affiliated with schools, which compete nationally. † Cheerleading has been around since the first pep club in the1890’s and continues to grow and evolve each day. References About. com (2008). Cheerleading: controversy and competition. Retrieved August 22, 2008, from http://cheerleading. about. com/od/cheerinjuries/l/aa103102a. htm Bluestein S, (1994). Male Cheerleading is a sport Serendip. Retrieved August 22, 2008, from http://serendip. brynmawr. edu/exchange/node/1685 Mega Essays. (2008) Cheerleading stereotypes. Retrieved August 22, 2008, from http://www. megaessays. com/viewpaper/78441. html Ninemire V, (2008). Stop the stereotyping of cheerleaders. About. com. Retrieved August 22, 2008, from https://cheerleading. about. com.

Horizontal Violence Essay -- Health Care, Nursing

Nursing is a healthcare profession that helps prevent, promote and optimize the health and abilities of families and communities. With such a noble and caring profession is very sad that violence, or bullying, exists among nurses and other healthcare disciplines. This type of violence is called lateral or horizontal violence. Violence is defined as any inappropriate behavior confrontation or conflict that causes low self esteem or other injuries. Horizontal violence is known to be the type of violence between coworkers. For some people this type of violence new and in the healthcare field, nurses world, it describes the behavior nurse have towards colleagues or other healthcare entities. This type of behavior interferes with communication and teamwork needed in order to promote and care for others. For this reason this type of behavior not only affects healthcare workers but also the community and families that we are taking care of. At the end of all if there is a behavior that caus es another nurse to be offended or inability to perform their job is considered to be horizontal violence (Morse, K.J., 2008). Horizontal Violence in Nursing Horizontal violence is a behavior that has been reported and documented in nursing and other healthcare professions for years and decades. This type of behavior has provided negative and serious outcomes for the nursing profession and patients. â€Å"Horizontal violence is the act of threatening, humiliating, or actually inflicting physical, mental or emotional harm on a peer or group† (Norris, T., 2010). Discrimination, vulgarity, and sexual harassment may be the first things that come to mind when mentioning this type of violence, but sadly these are not the only ways that horizontal violence may... ...lth department today. Creating a safe and nurturing environment can only be achieved by nurses working together and adhering to their code of ethics; for this reason we should maintain the safety or our nurses by eliminating violence, educating and supporting them when needed. It is crucial for the nursing profession to address violence to improve retention and recruitment of nurses. Horizontal violence behaviors are not conducive to a culture of safety, which is what healthcare should be all about. Nursing Manages, Hospitals and different organizations must have a â€Å"zero tolerance† policy for this behaviors and a protection policy for the nurses reporting the situations. Only we as nurses and other health care personnel have the capacity to eliminate horizontal violence and fulfill our commitment to our patients, families and communities in a safe environment.

The Political Effects of the Vietnam War on 1960’s Pop Culture

Tie Die, JFK, The Beatles, Drugs, Peace, Love, Dr. Martin Luther King, Woodstock, Go-Go Boots, Civil Rights, and Vietnam. When we say any of these words we think of the 1960's. The 1960's were a landmark in history remembered for effecting pop culture. What lead to such a dramatic change? In the 1950's the style was scarves, poodle skirts, and letter sweaters. The popular music was about teenage boyfriends and girlfriends. Then there was the 1960's. Could we have foreseen that people would wear mini skirts? Could we have foreseen that women would burn their bras in protest? Could we have foreseen that music would take a huge turn toward lyrics of peace, drugs, and mainly rock and roll? Probably not. What could have happened that would change American pop culture so much? There were many events that took place in the 1960's that had an affect on American citizens. The death of John F. Kennedy surprised and upset many Americans. However, the Vietnam War had the most profound effect on American pop culture. The Vietnam War changed music, fashion, and overall attitudes. Because of the Vietnam War and the undertones of the civil rights movement, 1960's pop culture significantly impacted our nation in a way that will be remembered for many years to come. 2Szymanski The Vietnam War still effects many people. Today, Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome is commonly associated with veterans of the Vietnam War. (Berk 346) During the 1960's there was an Anti-War movement that evolved from the Freedom of Speech Movement. This movement began on college campuses and spread cross-country. (Radical Times) The Antiwar Movement took place because people didn't understand why American soldiers were in Vietnam. People wanted the soldiers brought home. The Freedom of Speech Movement easily converted to the Antiwar Movement because of the similarity. People felt that this was not right and the issue was of such great importance that it needed to be addressed. I feel that the Antiwar Movement was successful and important because it did bring a lot of change to the nation. This change was both political and pop cultural. The Freedom of Speech Movement had limited success. In fact, the Antiwar Movement as well as the protests had a large effect on the ending of the Viet nam war. (Radical Times) In conjunction with the Antiwar Movement was the Civil Rights Movement. This event is commonly associated with Dr. Martin Luther King. However, the movement initially began with Rosa Parks and her ability to stand up for what she wanted, a seat toward the front of the bus. (Radical Times) At the time of the Black Civil Rights Movement a group called the Black Panthers evolved. This group arose as a militant group of young black men led by H. Rap Brown who risked his life to register blacks to vote in 1966. (USA Today) The difference between these civil rights groups is that Martin Luther advocated power through non-violence, whereas the Black Panthers promoted violence as a means to gain political footholds. (USA Today) For the African 3Szymanski American race there was a lot of momentum gained in the 1960's and there was a lot of ground made politically. The impact of these movements was phenomenal. The Antiwar Movement changed the dress, the music, and the style of nearly all college campuses in the United States. When a person would walk past a college dormitory there would be peace signs hung in windows. (Radical Times) The statement made was seen across America. A wonderful example of the effects of the Antiwar Movement on society is shown in Forrest Gump. There is a scene in which the audience sees an anti protest. The people there epitomize the effect that this had on pop culture. The clothes they wore and the music they listened to exemplifies the profound influence this had on the nation. The Civil Rights Movement is one that also made a lot of headway during the 1960's. The assassination of Martin Luther King had a profound effect on the American Society. This event impacted all races. Martin Luther King stood for the feeling of that time. His emphasis on peace was one that effected the entire nation. (Carroll 173) Martin Luther King Jr. is a symbol of harmony, human understanding, tolerance, unity, justice and brotherhood-for every generation. (Albright) Now that we have explored some of the political events that took place in the 1960's, we will explore some major changes in pop culture and how those relate to the political events in depth.The Antiwar Movement had a significant influence on the pop culture of the 1960's. This effect was shown through both music and fashion. The term â€Å"flower children† emerged from the anti war protesters. (Radical Times) They stood for peace love and harmony. They were the first to make tie die and hip huggers extremely 4Szymanski popular. They also had a large influence on the â€Å"natural look†. Women without bras or makeup and men with long hair and grown out facial hair. Prior to the antiwar movement, appearance was valued when one was neat and cleanly. (Walley) The pop culture of the 1960's was changed through the antiwar movement and one of the facets of pop culture changed was music. The following lyrics are from a popular song about the antiwar movement. â€Å"Come on people now, smile on your brother, everybody get together, try to love one another right now.† (Forrest Gump) Popular artists such as the Beatles, Cat Stevens, and even the Righteous Brothers wrote music that inspired antiwar protesters and became associated with them. Further in this paper there will be information on Woodstock, a musical and historical event associated with the Anti War movement. The Antiwar Movement was not the only political event to have an effect on pop culture. Although the impact from the Antiwar Movement is seen the most the civil rights movement did have an important role in the evolution of the 1960's pop culture. The Black Civil Rights Movement did have an effect on American Society. The effect of this was not seen as much on pop culture, but it was there. The true effect is shown in the dramatic increase of popularity in rhythm and blues. Prior to rhythm and blues, jazz music was associated as â€Å"black music.† It wasn't played very much on the radio. However, in the 1960's more black artists emerged. The Black Civil Rights Movement heavily effected music. Toward the end of the 1960's African American 5Szymanski styles emerged as popular. â€Å"Afros† were a common and popular hairstyle. (NetFirst) The music styles of Jimmy Hendrix as well as many other African American artists became known as legendary. (SixtiesMusic.com) Albeit, the civil rights movement and the political ground it gained, put African American styles of fashion and of music in the American pop culture arena. As touched on before, the effect of politics (namely the Vietnam War ) had a significant influence on the fashion of that time. A feeling of the need for freedom†¦of expression and speech swept over the nation. Because of this feeling, people expressed themselves not only through words of protest and actions of protest, but through their clothing. This was the countries way of expressing themselves without saying a word, but through what they wore. As shown in an analytic pop culture web site, â€Å"Fashion is never just about clothes, but attitude and expression as well. Up until about 1967, fashion had reflected a period of discover for youth; fun-loving, outrageous and colorful.†(Sixtiespopdiary. -fashion) So, what were these fashions that were about â€Å"attitude and expression?† Miniskirts (and even later micro skirts), caused moral outrage and were one of the first dramatic styles to come out in the 1960's. Later, a sloppy look became popular with T-shirts and sandals. Skintight pants also became popular, even so as a unisex article. (Sixtiespopdiary-fashion) The world was changing as fast as the fashions. In a personal opinion, looking back on this time of a political whirlwind, fashion was just as confusing as the world was. In this subject having to with politics and society, Woodstock is able to show the political influence on pop culture in one single event. In a mere 3 days, 6Szymanski thousands of people and influential artists were able to almost spontaneously put on one of the most historically significant pop culture events ever. The hippie look was dominant. Rock and roll and music of expression were the dominant sounds. A feeling of freedom was dominant. In one event, the world expressed the feeling of an era. (Interview) Today, the world of pop culture hails this event by trying to repeat it. Much to the dismay of many, the event cannot be repeated. The later generation looks at the event and realizes that this event was one of expression without even knowing the political events of that time. The Woodstock Music and Art Fair in August of 1969 remain a legend even today. The spontaneous event captured a generation's good feelings. Ironically, there were nearly as many Americans at Woodstock as there were in Vietnam. (Interview) Woodstock took place for 3 short days and there was a lot of rain. People didn't care about the rain, food, or bathrooms. â€Å"No one wanted to let the essence or the aura go. Halfway through an era of bad news, in the middle of a horrible war, barely a year after the wrenching, terrifying assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy, an entire, desperately wished -for era of good feeling was compressed into a single place and time. That compression produced a corresponding intensity of wonder and delight.† (Interview) The reason for Woodstock is well understood. However, it amazes me that such a spontaneous event could have such an unbelievable turnout. 7Szymanski Jimi Hendrix was one of the most influential musicians associated with Woodstock. It was there that he played his rendition of the â€Å"Star Spangled Banner.† Jimi's rendition was considered a brutal insult in its time. It was said that it sounded like a â€Å"blasted seizure of the national anthem.† (Interview) However, today Hendrix's national anthem is popular. When Hendrix performed this there were approximately 30,000 people left at Woodstock. His performance was spontaneous. It was described as â€Å"†¦his great No to the war, to racism, to whatever you or he might think of and want gone. But then that discord shattered, and for more than four and half long, complex minutes Hendrix pursued each invisible crack in a vessel that had one been whole, feeling out and exploring and testing himself and the music against anguish, rage, fear, hate, love offered, and love refused. When he finished he had created an anthem that could never be summed up and that would never come to rest.† (Interview) In summary, because of the Vietnam War and the undertones of the civil rights movement, 1960's pop culture significantly impacted our nation in a way that will be remembered for many years to come. Throughout the nineties, the hippie look became a popular style as a way of expressing ourselves. Popular artists have redone music from the sixties. For example, Natalie Merchant has recently redone the popular sixties hit â€Å"Peace Train.† The movie Forrest Gump, which is a summary of both the political and pop culture America in the sixties, won best picture in 1994. Even today, the sixties are a political and pop cultural landmark for the nation. Does this say that the sixties were a period of more turmoil and more change than other decades? Does this say that the fashion change more dramatically and rapidly than 8Szymanski other decades? Personally, I feel this decade did. From an outlook of a person who did not live during that time or during the time of many other decades, that decade stands out far above many others. Many political and pop culture figures are remembered and recognized by all ages today. In this era, the politics and pop culture overlap. To think that politics affected Americans so much that politics changed people's perspectives is remarkable, even profound. The death of Kennedy and Martin Luther King had a devastating influence over an entire nation. Yet, everyone soon focused on that feeling of freedom and love. This roller coaster of emotions had a roller coaster of an affect. Has any other decade changed a nation so much and so fast?

A Street Car Named Desire

A Streetcar Named Desire – Final Assessment 1 . The title A Streetcar Named Desire holds both literal and figurative meaning. Blanche DuBois takes an actual streetcar named â€Å"Desire† to transport her to the home of her sister. Blanche is literally brought to the home of the Kowalski's by â€Å"Desire,† but she is also brought there by her very own desire. Blanche's sexual intimacies held with many men has ruined her reputation and driven her out of her home town. Blanche is longing and wishing to start her life over in the town ofElysian Fields with her sister Stella. She feels that everyone in this town will accept her because they are unaware of her secrets and terrible reputation. Blanche is confident in keeping her past a secret and portraying herself to be such a respected and lady-like woman. 2. Blanche DuBois in this novel could be best described as a tragic hero. She is very capable of great deeds but is destined to fail due to such circumstances beyo nd her own control and fatal flaws.Blanche throughout the play is very fragile and delicate after the tragic death of her husband leaving her with the biggest flaw of desire. Blanche after the tragic death of her husband is in great search for a man who will fulfill her desire however, she seems to never get enough. Blanche held many intimacies ruining her reputation and soon left her home town to go live with her sister Stella in Elysian Fields. Blanche trying to portray herself as a respectable lady slowly reveals her secrets without any intentions.Blanche during her stay in New Orleans is in search of respect, love, and care returning to the traditional wants and needs of a woman during her youth time period. Blanche is not used to the way of life in the world during present time. Vanity soon falls into a fantasy that settles in her mind as delusion. Her vanity gets in the way of her love life, leads her to tell lies and believe them, and ultimately leads to her rape carried out by Stanley and resulting in her biggest fall yet. A Street Car Named Desire Blanche arrives in the New Jersey apartment that is owned by the Kowalskis – in particular, her sister Stella and his brother in law, Stanley. Armed with her striking features, poise and seeming forceful characters, Blanche can immediately relay what her character is all about – power, feminism, liberalism, and absurdity.In general, she serves as the epitome of a new-age woman who has led her life badly. Her arrival immediately relegates the persona of her pregnant career-less sister, Stella, as a submissive, dependent, and traditional woman. With regards to first impressions, while Blanche can be viewed with envy, antagonism, or admiration, one can only offer sympathy and frustration to Stella.As for Stanley, he is pretty much the male counterpart of Blanche. He is the embodiment of brutality, abuse, responsibility, sensuality, and excessive power which often exists in many patriarchal societies. Like me, any person who has respect for women would surely hate what he d oes to Stella. Being ignorant of the truth behind the real life of Blanche, Mitch, like Stella, is another pitiful character.b. Discuss the presence of reality & illusion in the play. How is it represented?The sense of reality is presented as a matter of conflict and question not only in the story’s plot but also through its characters. To start with, Blanche lived her life masked by the illusion she creates in order to free herself from the dreadful results of her wrong doings. Stella also lived in an illusion where she regarded domestic abuse as a typical fraction of Stanley’s love for her.Mitch also fell into a whirlwind of illusions that Blanche created. Basically, Stanley is probably the only character who is in touch with reality. The play started with an illusion that Blanche created and the quest for reality is the plot. In the end however, the submission of Blanche to illusion or madness became her reality.c. Do you think Blanche is crazy? Explain.Blanche was already at the brink of insanity prior to her brutal encounter with Stanley. Throughout the story, we can observe that Blanche has carefully crafted her own fantasy world through the characters that she tried to portray – as a distressed damsel, southern belle or the good school teacher. The way in which she tries to conceal her secrets and the lack of malicious intent to actually manipulate other people just demonstrated her inability to interact with others in a sane manner.d. Blanche’s first husband was homosexual (as was Tennessee Williams). Discuss the depiction of homosexuality in the play.Although heterosexual men like Stanley were unfairly portrayed as brutal, one can say that homosexuals were not depicted reasonably in the play as well. Homosexuality was portrayed through Allen Grey, the poet late husband Blanche.His disgust to himself and his guilt which prompted him to commit suicide proved that homosexuality was demonstrated as something that is devastating , disturbing, and self-destructing. For both Blanche and Allen, the effect was extensively disastrous as one died while the other resulted to rebellious madness.e. Is there any villain in the play? If there is, who is it? Explain.To a certain extent, both Blanche and Stanley can be treated as villains. Blanche struggled to ruin the seemingly â€Å"harmonious† life of Stella and Stanley. On the other hand, Stanley abuses her wife and also succeeds in crushing Blanche’s fantasies.f. Do you think Stanley actually harmed Blanche? Do you think she deserved it?The play implies that Stanley has raped Blanche. Regardless of any circumstance, there is no righteous justification for raping a woman. No matter how hideous one’s character may be, no one deserves to be raped.

Guide to E-Commerce

Guide to E-Commerce The business world has become increasingly difficult to become successful in. In order for organizations to overcome this difficulty, they must be able to explore other business-related options. It is essential that their operations are fast and efficient, while simultaneously maintaining strong customer relations. One option that has recently proven to be an effective aid for businesses to progress is Electronic Commerce. It allows unlimited business hours due to its around the clock operations, lower labour costs than a traditional business, and exposes the business through a larger market by means of the World Wide Web. With our ever-changing society undeniably striving for technological advancement, E-commerce has become an effective method of conducting business.Electronic Commerce is defined as "The conducting of business communication and transactions over networks and through computers. As most restrictively defined, electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services, and the transfer of funds, through digital communications."moo business cards"However E-commerce also includes all inter-company and intra-company functions (such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, selling, and negotiation) that enable commerce and use electronic mail, EDI (Electronic Data Interchange), file transfer, fax, video conferencing, workflow, or interaction with a remote computer" (Dictionary.com). Similar to a traditional business, E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services; they differ only through their means of these transactions. A traditional business is restricted to face-to-face dealings, whereas the transactions of E-commerce are done solely through digital communications. A typical E-commerce transaction is as follows. First the customer must have interest in a product and find it online. Once he/she is satisfied with the located product, a credit information form is filled out complete with credit name, mailing address, phone n umber, email address, and credit card number with expiry date. This information is then sent in and checked by...

buy custom Militancy essay

buy custom Militancy essay As long as the law reinforced the status quo, feminists fighting against suffrage had to take a radical approach in order to get legal recourse. They had to present a real threat to the established system. The issue of the institution of law as it related to politics presented very subtle complications. For one, the Suffrage Association had later, on during the course, turned conservative, with the main promise advanced being that even if women were given power at the ballot box, they would not use it. This did not convince the lawmakers and the male-dominated institution of law. Too much stalling led to despair among womens rights activists to the extent that they started invoking militant threats in order to give impetus to campaigns in a frantic bid to catalyze the progress reform. Half a century was a very long time for a marginalized social group to wait for law reforms. This is something that the new leadership of the Womens Rights Movement understood very well and therefore became the main source of motivation for militant measures to be adopted. The impetus with which the suffragist agenda had been introduced during the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, Duncan contends, was reignited with the takeover by young, energetic and more enlightened young leaders (619). Additionally, a sharp contrast can be derived between those suffragists who were wangling over the implications of enfranchising the black population, championing for institutional changes and fighting for state legislation in order to get the power of the ballot. Such wrangles, apart from leading splitting of existing organizations formation of new ones, drew attention to the weaknesses of the course that women were fighting for. Although the opposing sides reunited later, it is the militant force that had characterized the movement since its inception that kept the mission of liberating women, thereby taking most of the credit for the birth of 19th amendment. It is through association to militancy that new, young leaders felt obliged to carry on with the fight for suffrage rights to the very end. When Alice Paul, a prominent suffragist, called for hunger strikes and militant actions, a clear message had been sent to every sympathizer of the Womens Rights movement that perseverance was needed, mass marches were going to characterize all campaigns and that no compromise would come in the way of the noble course that the women were fighting for. This explains the critical role that such hard-line positions played in spreading a firm message of discontent and awareness with the established system that failed to recognize women as citizens, thereby denying such basic civil rights as voting. The 15th amendment came with new promises by allowing African Americans the right to voote. Yet it ignited a fire of fury among suffragists who argued this way: if slavery was abolished on both male and female black Americans, why can the same thing not happen to the issue of the right to vote? As DuBois puts it, the fact that such a question triggered ridicule among pro-establishment forces meant that something beyond mere campaigns was required if these rights were to be achieved (856). History has proven that the decision by Womens Rights Movement to use the militancy strategy is that one the one that contributed most to the proclamation of the 19th amendment, which gave voting rights to women. Historians like to toy with the proposition that although the 19th amendment was proclaimed, that is as far as women went with regard to their rights. That aside, the suffrage struggle clearly outlined the dangers of compromising the most basic principles of civil rights in order to achieve political expediency. It is no wonder, then, that politicians had to encounter a militant movement that was very determined to have their share of their revolutionary pie. The militant approach was needed in order to fill in the advocacy vacuum that would have been created by divergent views of conservatives and radicals within the Womens Rights Movement. Of these two groups, it is the militants force that was more convincing to federal authorities, so forceful it was that the 19th amendment was finally proclaimed on August 26, 1920. Buy custom Militancy essay

How to Answer the Question Whats Your Desired Job Title

How to Answer the Question Whats Your Desired Job Title It may seem like the most obvious thing in the world: your desired job title on your resume is the job you are applying for†¦ duh, right? Turns out, it’s not quite so simple. It’s true that every time you send your resume in for a job application, you should tailor it to match the position you’re applying for. But that doesn’t necessarily mean you should put, verbatim, the job title of the position you’re applying for. Seem counter intuitive? Here are a few things to keep in mind.1. Help the hiring manager out.Remember that your resume is just one of hundreds or thousands the HR department is filtering through. Listing the job title you want at the top of your resume helps them sort you into the right search and get your materials seen by the right people. Don’t leave the hiring manager guessing as to what job you are after.2. Reference your target job.Be a little ambitious and list the position title for the job you really want at the c ompany. Not CEO or anything, but perhaps a rung or two up from the position you might be applying in with. This shows your ambition and your commitment to growing and moving forward- hopefully at this company.3. Reference your old job.Unless you’re trying to move up or laterally or between fields, you might find it easiest to list your current job title. This only really works if you’re going for the exact same job at a different firm or company. But can be very helpful because your experience ought to match the position title perfectly.4. Don’t play it safe by trying to keep your options open.You might think listing a job title on your resume will limit your options- say the company doesn’t have that position open, only one below it? But the risk is much higher if you keep HR in the dark. And you just might get considered for a higher-up position.5. List multiple titles.If you qualify for more than one open position, you might feel the urge to list both. As long as these positions are similar enough- or at least in the same department, with different level gradations, this is fine. Just note, if this is for a resume, write it like this: â€Å"Software Developer/Web Programmer,† separating the two titles with a slash. (If you are really applying widely, try not to apply for two drastically different positions at the same company to avoid having to say: â€Å"Front Desk Manager/CPA.† That just makes it look like you are taking lazy shortcuts and/or don’t know what you want to be when you grow up.6. Be realistic, but strive for the best.Again, you don’t want to list a position three pay-grades away from anywhere you could possibly hope to be. But do set your sights on something a little better than your current position, especially if your skills and experience aren’t far off from reaching that level and you believe you’d be well up for the challenge.

Unit 5 Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 5 Discussion Board - Essay Example : Public policy students have identified five dimensions of the policy process in U.S, healthcare: (1) the relationship of government to the Private sector; (2) the distribution of authority within the federal system; (3) pluralistic ideology as the basis of politics; (4) the relationship between policy formulation and administrative implementation; and (5) incrementalism as a strategy of reform. Answer: There are several components that comprise medical ethics of which three are considered cardinal: (1) autonomy (the concern with privacy; individual liberty, freedom of choice, and self-control); beneficence (for example, doing no harm, promoting the welfare of others, and doing good); and (3) justice (for example, equality of opportunity, equity, and access, as well as equity of benefits). Answer: The following attributes are desirable in clinical practice guidelines: (1) the purpose should be clearly expressed; (2) the content should be frequently reviewed and updated; (3) they should be flexible enough to account for the nuances of clinical medicine; (4) they should be easy to follow; (5) they should be applicable across geography and settings; and (6) they should be demonstrably linked to positive patient outcomes In a review of 585 hospitals in Great Britain in 1983, Donovon highlighting lack of pain assessments as healthcare professionals had not even enquired about patients’ pain. (Dr. Schofield. P., 2003). Pain relief today is viewed as a fundamental human right; in a landmark case in the United States, the court ruled $15 million in favour of the relatives of a man with prostrate cancer, who reportedly died in pain. The medical professional should understand these sensitivities while managing pain in a multi-ethnic populace. The definition and reactions to pain are often affected by cultural background of patients (Needham.J, 2004). While nurses may not be deliberately opting to providing lowered care to any group, understanding ethnic biological

Comparison of Xu Bing and Gu Wenda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparison of Xu Bing and Gu Wenda - Essay Example In addition, the contemporary artists like Xu Bing and Gu Wenda are aware of that their viewership is not limited within the Chinese context, but it extends to the global community. Thesis statement: The comparison of the Chinese artists named as Xu Bing and Gu Wenda, based upon their life, career and work, proves that both of them share certain similarities within their life and career, but their artworks prove that Xu is interested in combining traditional art with modernity, but Gu is interested in going beyond traditional art by making use of the elements of modernity. Xu’s life (say, this artist was born in the year 1955) represents the modern/contemporary art within China. Besides, he was born in a major city area in China, named as Chongqing. But his family was forced to relocate to Beijing and this helped this artist to be in touch with metro life. Ann MacArthur stated that, â€Å"Xu Bing. a leading figure in the international art world, was born in China and now lives in America† (2006). But the Cultural Revolution deeply influenced this artist’s early years of life because he was forced to relocate to village areas for service. Later, he was able to return to metro life. Here, he decided to mold his future career by enrolling himself as a student at the CAFA. In the year 1987, he was able to receive MFA. Within scenario, his major subject (say, printmaking) deeply influenced his future career and usage of medium in art. At the same time, he was not ready to yield to the strict laws implemented by the authorities. This is evident in his works related to political criticism. So, he was forced to migrate to US and this helped him to gain international attention. Still, he was not ready to forget his motherland because he returned to his motherland in the year 2008. But Gu’s early life was comparatively

Non-Governmental Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Non-Governmental Organizations - Essay Example In numerous countries, NGOs have led the way in democratization, in battling diseases and illnesses, in promoting and enforcing human rights, and in increasing standards of living. (Christof Galli) Although most NGOs are working for aid and relief, they have other functions as well, for example promoting education, healthcare, for businesses, political or social goals etc. Also NGOs are not entitled to work in their own respective cities or countries; there are a number on international NGOs (INGOs) which work on an international basis, or by establishing partnership with NGOs of different countries to work towards a common cause. As far as partnership among different NGOs is concerned, although they are all working towards a common interest, yet due to difference in their culture, economic state such as an NGO in a developing or a developed country, their working style etc differ from each other and thus=s leads to some problems. The purpose of this paper is to explore these problems that occur due to partnership between NGOs of different countries, from the perspective of both the developed countries such as Japan and developing countries. When working with an individual or an organization, whether it is a profit or a nonprofit organization, one of the very fundamental rules it to know the 'rules of the house'. As in case of Japan there are certain etiquettes one needs to be aware of while dealing with Japanese people. Japan has a collective culture, therefore for you do business there you have to be part of the working pattern, and explain your stance rather than taking initiatives on your own. Another important thing to know about Japanese is that they avoid using direct style of negotiating and use vague terms rather than bluntly saying "no" to something. According to Richard D. Lewis, "Don't try to be accurate in Japanese. The Japanese deliberately create ambiguity and so they answer questions indirectly - the famous thing about Japanese never saying no. They won't say anything to offend and when they are deliberately vague, they leave their options open. If you know Japanese grammar, they don't have persons like we have. There is a "going". You don't know whether you're going or we're going or he went. It's a vague language." Other tips, to be kept in mind while negotiating with Japanese include that Japanese usually view meetings to be aware of the other party's position on a certain agenda and look forward to private informal appointments for decision making purposes. Also a decision is made via consensus of the entire group involved, therefore one should not display individuality. According to Stephen Pearlman, Public Relations Manager Japan Airlines, "One of the frustrating things for a non-Japanese person in a meeting is the lack of exchange of ideas. It's quite typical for it just to be a place to report information, so it's not the kind of aggressive throwing around of ideas that you probably experience in a non-Japanese meeting." In Japan, a lot of time is dedicated to work and the organization one is working for, which will be expected from anyone who is doing business in or with the Japanese. Also, criticism is not expressed in public; rather more subtle ways are used to ask concerned questions. Japanese NGOs -- Their Origins and

Police System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Police System - Essay Example The conclusion of this research detailed that without law enforcement there would be many unfavourable consequences for those in British society. The role of the police officer is concluded as being one of the most essential and crucial in a societal atmosphere within the country of Britain. From a historical perspective and dating back to 1962, the role of 1British police officers has been that of a civil, and peace keeping community official more so than anything else. The police are in the communities for a number of reasons and their purposes are so numerous that there really is no way to define just one of their roles. It is best known that the police have developed a well-meaning and defined relationship with the generalized public due to the fact that they are always readily available to assist when needed, even if it is for a minute reason. Furthermore, from a political standpoint, foreigners who have had the opportunity to visit the country of Britain have commented on the quality of the police force as well, making note that they provide some of the most proficient and high quality services in maintaining social control throughout the world. Although the British police force is not unique in their ability to maintain social order, they have been found to be on e of the main legal forces that have developed and expanded throughout the decades. The main differences in Britain's policing system in comparison to other countries are the fact that their legal remedies stem from common law practices that have been passed down through history. The philosophy of the British police force is in allowing for a "2community policing itself", and for police presence to be in the communities when it is needed. This ideal has not changed that much in the past decades but indeed, there have been many reforms in the British police force that have developed it into becoming what it is today. Due to globalization and the entering of other ethnicities into the country of Britain, the British police force has had to learn how to police specific cultural areas. This is due to many cultural beliefs and various ideas having unique qualities about them and therefore policing can not be handled in the same way with all cultures. An example of how the police have ada pted to this idea is evidenced in how effective they have been since the mid 1950's when they first were exposed to having to police the communal society of Sri Lanka3 Firstly, when a new ethnicity is intertwined with another culture within a country there is the issue of safety and trust that comes into play. It has been found that some cultures attempt to use the idea of discrimination against the police in order to try and detract from correct policing in a minority community, such as like Sri Lanka. However, British

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Management - Essay Example The small company is usually faced by struggling financially that is the company that is acquired usually financial problems. The large company acquires the all the stock of the smaller company and makes become component of their business, that is, the smaller company usually ends up changing its and adopts the name of the large company. In most cases acquisition are usually friendly, where two parties enter into an agreement but sometimes it involves hostile takeover. For example if the board of directors accept the tender offer. Many scholars have postulated a number of different types of mergers and acquisitions in an effort of delineate the increasing trend of strategic alliances observed in the business world. Nevertheless, there are three main types of mergers and acquisitions which are based on the structure perspective. The main three types of mergers and acquisitions include; Vertical merger refers to a situation where two firms which is in the same industry but in different levels of production combine together to form one firm. For example, a shoe manufacturing company mergers with a shoe retailing company. In this case, the combination motive is to control the supply and distribution channel (Vachon, 2011). A horizontal merger is where two companies which are in the same level of production combines. ... The two companies are unrelated in terms of their operation and production (Carney, 2009). For example, a shoe manufacturing companies, mergers with a road constructing company. In this case the two companies are not related but their unification can only be viewed as diversification strategy (Pablo, Javidan, & Society). A G BARR is company in the food processing sector, producing flavored juices and beverages. Over the past few years the company has experienced increase demand in its product. Therefore, due to the increased demand in the product and the increase in the level of competition in the sector there is need to acquire a firm in the in the food processing sector so as to enhance economic efficiency and scope. After preliminary analysis a horizontal merger was essential where NICHOLS was ascertained as a potential target company. After a careful analysis of Nichols financial stability and the market it was ascertained that a merger was not essential but an acquisition of the company was sufficient. In order, to make the acquisition process successful and also to avoid failures that has hampered many merger and acquisition deals a well constructed plan to acquire shares was formulated together with a study of the financial performance of the company was carried out. The company would acquire the entire share in Nichols. AG BARR goal is to expand its market share in order to satisfy the need of customer as well as venture in to new markets. Nichols was the most suitable company to take over based on its financial health the company performance has not recorded major significant improvements the company has an annual turnover of

Profesional portfolio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Profesional portfolio - Assignment Example Developing an effective global workplace is a challenging tasks but necessary for multinational companies because it ensures employees in their companies create a culture of shared values that maintain cohesive and ethical cultures across countries that are difficult to create in a domestic environment. In light of this new definition of global workplace, to me global workplace is considered a workplace with intercultural teams that come together from across different countries to accomplish a business objective for a company using technology and communication, while observing certain ethical and professional behavior for the purpose of minimizing cost. In the same assignment, another change or rather an addition that has been made is the experience of intercultural communication, specifically using Coca-Cola in India as an example. Let us look at the change of intercultural communication. Intercultural communication relates to how people should work in a global workplace because it looks at how individuals from different background of culture attempt to communicate verbally and non-verbally, manage, approach deadlines, work together, meet, build relationships, negotiate and much more (Varner & Beamer, 2011). Individuals and companies that look into doing business within the global workplace usually are unsuccessful in addressing such areas before venturing into business abroad. This has the effect of leading to poor performance and lost business deals. More understanding of differences intercultural in protocol, communication and etiquette in addition to informed planning surely leads to a huge probability of attaining business go als and objectives. Code of conduct is one aspect of intercultural communication that relates to how people work in a global workplace. In a global workplace, a uniform code of conduct is used to address how workers of a company are supposed to behave professionally. For instance,

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Management - Essay Example The small company is usually faced by struggling financially that is the company that is acquired usually financial problems. The large company acquires the all the stock of the smaller company and makes become component of their business, that is, the smaller company usually ends up changing its and adopts the name of the large company. In most cases acquisition are usually friendly, where two parties enter into an agreement but sometimes it involves hostile takeover. For example if the board of directors accept the tender offer. Many scholars have postulated a number of different types of mergers and acquisitions in an effort of delineate the increasing trend of strategic alliances observed in the business world. Nevertheless, there are three main types of mergers and acquisitions which are based on the structure perspective. The main three types of mergers and acquisitions include; Vertical merger refers to a situation where two firms which is in the same industry but in different levels of production combine together to form one firm. For example, a shoe manufacturing company mergers with a shoe retailing company. In this case, the combination motive is to control the supply and distribution channel (Vachon, 2011). A horizontal merger is where two companies which are in the same level of production combines. ... The two companies are unrelated in terms of their operation and production (Carney, 2009). For example, a shoe manufacturing companies, mergers with a road constructing company. In this case the two companies are not related but their unification can only be viewed as diversification strategy (Pablo, Javidan, & Society). A G BARR is company in the food processing sector, producing flavored juices and beverages. Over the past few years the company has experienced increase demand in its product. Therefore, due to the increased demand in the product and the increase in the level of competition in the sector there is need to acquire a firm in the in the food processing sector so as to enhance economic efficiency and scope. After preliminary analysis a horizontal merger was essential where NICHOLS was ascertained as a potential target company. After a careful analysis of Nichols financial stability and the market it was ascertained that a merger was not essential but an acquisition of the company was sufficient. In order, to make the acquisition process successful and also to avoid failures that has hampered many merger and acquisition deals a well constructed plan to acquire shares was formulated together with a study of the financial performance of the company was carried out. The company would acquire the entire share in Nichols. AG BARR goal is to expand its market share in order to satisfy the need of customer as well as venture in to new markets. Nichols was the most suitable company to take over based on its financial health the company performance has not recorded major significant improvements the company has an annual turnover of

Globalisation and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalisation and Democracy - Essay Example There is no doubt that since the nineties of XX century, the term "globalization† has become the most prevalent in the global politics and political science. There is no need to dwell on those objective preconditions, which caused the appearance of the given term. Suffice it to list only the most significant ones. They are the growing internationalization of markets of goods and services, as well as the growth of financial interdependence between countries and regions, and uniformization of political regimes on the basis of the almost universal acceptance of democratic governance and the associated incidence of common culture (mass culture) models and patterns of consumption, and hitherto unprecedented development of informatization and communication, allowing to reduce the spatial and temporal boundaries between people, nations and states. With all the objective fullness of the given concept, which does not allow to doubt the existence and development of this process in the mo dern world, its rationale, interpretation and prediction in global political science, there is quite strong subjective beginning in it. It is connected on the one hand, with everyone’s inherent striving to simplify and speed up all the positive phenomena of reality in order to have time to enjoy their outcomes during lifetime. On the other hand, such subjectivity in the interpretation of globalization is associated with the exploitation of people’s natural psychological needs by worldwide mass media in order to ensure the individual interests of certain groups of countries, united by such concept as "developed". As a rule, political observers tend to perceive a certain inferiority of post-totalitarian countries’ democratic systems, their non-conformity to Western standards, due to their communist past. Certainly, the development of democracy in post-communist countries, where historical continuity and even cultural tradition were distorted by more than 70-year p eriod of revolution and state violence, has its own characteristic shortcomings. Liberalization of the economy in post-communist countries failed to provide a deep structure of property relations (as in Poland or Hungary), as well as led to a huge social stratification of society on the poor and the rich (when the income gap reaches a ratio of 1:50). This situation is fraught with social and political instability, and, most importantly, it absolutely falls out of the context of European democracy. Those phenomena that are considered to be an unfortunate results of economic liberalization in developed Western countries and its unavoidable costs, serve as the norm for the post-communist countries, almost as a brand name of democracy. In reality, such increased economic inequality (with a concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a small group of oligarchs) constitutes a menace to democratic development and is an attributive sign of third world countries. In accordance with a m ajority of sociological researches, globalization and informatization lead not only to the internationalization and intensify interaction between different countries and civilizations, but at the same time cause various kinds of crises in less developed countries and regions. (Jagdish Bhagwati 2004). These trends, previously outlined by Samuel Huntington in his article "The Clash of

Prehistoric Medicine Essay Example for Free

Prehistoric Medicine Essay They used herbalism; the practise of using herbs to heal people. In each tribe there were shamans who would ‘exorcise ill people’ demons’ and apothecary. They had medicine men who were shamans and witch-doctors. They would provide supernatural treatments like charms, spells and amulets to ward off evil spirits. If someone was ill the medicine man would initiate a ceremony over the patient where they would use magic formulas prayers and drumming. People thought that the medicine men could contact the spirits or Gods so people looked up to them. They used healing clays to heal their internal and external wounds and just after surgery. Prehistoric people also used trepanning mainly in Peru. This was when they would drill a hole in a person’s skull to relieve pressure. It was mainly done as an emergency operation after a head wound to remove shattered bits of bone. They believed it would treat epileptic seizures, migraines and mental disorders. They would keep the bit of skull around their neck as they thought it would ward off evil spirits. Nowadays people use a modernised trephine instrument in a corneal transplant surgery. Early medicine for Greeks and Romans: Hippocrates: Born 470 BCE ‘Father of Modern Medicine’ He had a theory of the 4 humours. He thought that the human body contained 4 important liquids called humours. They thought if the humours became unbalanced then people would become ill. The 4 humours were black bile, yellow bile blood and phlegm. His theory was wrong but it was a breakthrough in medicine because it made people think that illness was caused by something natural inside your body instead of the Greek Gods. Quote from a book in the Hippocratic Collection of books: ‘Man’s body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦has blood, phlegm, yellow bile and melancholy (black) bile. These make up his parts and through them he feels illness or enjoys health. When all these elements are truly balanced and mingled, he feels the most perfect health. Illness occurs when one of these humours is in excess or is lessened in amount or is entirely thrown out of the body.’ Hippocrates invented the Hippocratic Oath which was taken by all physicians; this is still in use today. Herophilus: He was the 1st anatomist. He introduced the experimental method to science. He discovered that the brain controls how the body works, not the heart by dissecting human bodies. He also identified parts of the stomach. He did a lot of work on nerves. Claudius Galen: He was the Roman Emperor’s doctor. Galen’s work was based on the Hippocratic Collection. He was one of the Great surgeons of the ancient world. He added his own theory to the 4 humours theory. He developed a theory called the ‘treatment of opposites’. So if an illness was caused by heat he would cool them down and vice versa. Galen also emphasized the importance of clinical observation and would take detailed notes on his examination of his patients. He was one of the 1st physicians who used experiments in his medical investigation. Through that he proved that urine was formed in the kidney as opposed to the bladder. His most important discovery was that the arteries carried blood but he never discovered circulation.

Saying and Meaning :: Philosophy of Language

Saying and Meaning The burden of this essay will be to see how the words we utter bear meaning. We use speech to communicate our intentional attitudes to others. On this basis, I propose to treat meaning as that which is conveyed from a speaker to a listener. A simple model of the communication process will be used as follows. First, a speaker frames a sentence to convey an intentional attitude. Second a listener attends to the sounds and comes to a meaning. The essence of human communication is that the listener comes to understand the speaker’s meaning. Both speaker and listener accomplish their tasks by processes of which they are unaware because they are non-conscious brain processes. But these species-typical processes for encoding and decoding meanings result in the characteristic linguistic behaviours which we call speaking, listening, conversing, arguing and the rest. I shall maintain that to understand meaning we must not look at brain processes but at how we operate in the world using language. In moving to a conclusion I shall suggest that, in many cases, as Wittgenstein put it, ‘the meaning of a word is its use in the language.’ John Searle identifies two types of meaning in speech as sentence meaning or word meaning and speaker meaning. He defines sentence meaning as follows: Sentences and words have meanings as part of a language. The meaning of a sentence is determined by the meaning of the words and the syntactical arrangement of the words in the sentence. On this basis sentence meaning is the conventional meaning of the words as they are usually used in a lexical sense. Thus in the Case A below there is a clear meaning. A woman observes a couple leaving a party and comments to her partner, (Case A) Jim and his wife are leaving the (party*). The conventional or sentence meaning here is as follows; two people, a man (Jim) and his wife are leaving the social function (as opposed to a political party*). But even in this simple example, the bracketed information shows that the context of the utterance is important in enabling the listener to reach the meaning intended by the speaker. The speaker and listener are usually able to pick out the word meaning appropriate to the particular occasion. This use of language in everyday social contexts is what Wittgenstein refers to as ‘agreement in form of life.

Politics and the Media Essay -- Media Politics Political History Essay

Politics and the Media It is a reasonable expectation that the media will gather the facts and report the news fairly, accurately and responsibly. The American public relies on the media for a great deal of its information. "The role of the press in American politics has become a major source of discussion and controversy in recent years" (Davis, 1). The question raised in this paper is, "Does the media present the news fairly, accurately, and completely?" The short answer is no, the long answer will be examined throughout the following essay. This essay will examine the media and its influence and effects on politics and government. "Publick Occurrences" was the first newspaper to appear in colonial America. This publication begins the history of the media and its effects on politics and government in America. The paper was struck down soon after being published and its publishers arrested. Without the protection of the First Amendment, newspapers had little chance of survival; especially if they were critical of established authority. The first successfully published American newspaper came almost fifteen years later in 1704. It was entitled the "Boston News-Letter". Several other papers came into circulation in colonial America and just before the Revolution there were twenty-four papers in circulation. Articles in colonial newspapers were a major source of political pressure in shifting public opinion from reconciliation with England to complete political independence. Thus began the history of the media influence in America and its effects on American government and politics. The number of printed newspapers in America continued to grow and by the end of the Revolution there were approximately forty-three newspapers available to the public. They played an important role, informing the public, in the political affairs of the young nation. In 1791 the Bill of Rights was passed securing the freedom of the press. Protected by the First Amendment, American newspapers played an important and influential function in local and national politics. Newspapers were originally a luxury only enjoyed by the wealthy and the literate minority. It was during the era of Jacksonian democracy, the 1830's, that newspapers became more widespread. This resulted from the invention of the "Penny Press." It was now possible to sell newspapers for one cent a copy... ...e facts and report the news fairly, accurately and responsibly. It concludes with the assertion that although the media report the news it is not always fair and accurate. Yellow journalism, the Nixon-Kennedy debates, and advocacy journalism (broadcasting) demonstrate that the influence the media have on government and public opinion. In a democracy any attempt to regulate the influence of the media will conflict with the constitutional protection of the First Amendment. The antidote for an overly influential media is an educated public. Works Cited Coulter, Ann. "Ann Coulter on Liberal Bias in the Media." Interview with Katie Couric. Today. NBC. WNBC, New York. 26 June 1994. Davis, Richard. The Press and American Politics. New York: Longman, 1992. Graber, Doris A. Media Power in Politics. Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1990. Goldberg, Bernard. Bias. Washington D.C.: Regnery Publishing Inc., 2002 Kelly, Michael. "The Myth of Media Fairness." New York Post 21 Dec. 2002: 17. Streitmatter, Rodger. Mightier than the Sword. Colorado: Westview Press, 1997. White, Theodore H. The Making of the President 1960. New York: Antheneum Publishers, 1961.

Disability Discrimination Employment Law Essay

Disability Discrimination, Employment Law Introduction            The employment law governs the duties and rights between employees and employers and are also referred as labour law. The rules are largely designed to keep the workers safe as well as ascertain that they are treated reasonably within the workplace. In addition, the Employment Laws are also enacted to protect the employer’s interest. In a nutshell, Employment Laws are based on national and state charter, administrative rules, court opinions and legislation. As mentioned earlier, a particular employment relationship can be governed by a contract between the employer and the employee. For example, the American Employment Act traces back to the community protest, in opposition to the unfair practices during the industrial revolution in the 20th century. The initial laws were enacted to compensate the injured workers, outlaw child labour and establish minimum wage for the workers. However, the law has been expanded to cover other aspects faced in the contract of employment (Davies, 2012).            Employment discrimination laws are the federal and state laws which usually prohibit employers from treating the workers differently in reference to certain attributes. Discrimination by government employers ‘for example’ violates the constitution guarantee of equal protection. Under the current law, persons are protected against unfairness based on aspects such as their skin colour, race, country of origin or genetic information (such as family medical history), gender, disability, religion or age. In several cases, it is also unlawful for employers to show favouritism based on political affiliation, sexual orientation or marital status.            What is discrimination? Labour market discrimination is referred as the difference in the treatment of two qualified individuals job applicant or workers on account of their disability, religion, race, gender, etc. It is the main source of inequality in the workplaces. Discrimination is harmful as it affects the economy outcomes of business entities, organizations, and that of equally productive workers. This can either be directly or indirectly. Discrimination is not only about measurable outcomes but also involves unquantifiable outcomes. However, at some points it becomes hard to differentiate between productivity relate inequality at the workplaces and discrimination. However, over the time, employment inequalities have declined but the vital issue on employment discrimination is the persistence of the vice (discrimination) in the capitalist economy.            In employment law, direct discrimination is decisions such as the failure to hire, unequal pay and benefits, firing of workers that are based on an applicant’s or employees characteristics such as colour, gender, religion disability among other characteristics. Indirect discrimination is when discrimination arises from employment policies issued by the employer. The policies have an adverse effect on the employee’s race, colour of their skin, ethnicity and other like characteristics. For example, when an organization has all the facilities and can be accessed by all the workers including the disabled, but access to the building by the disabled workers is from the back side of the building; then this is a form of indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination is when two different people ‘for example’ a white and black with the same qualification apply for a job vacant. The black person is told the job was taken, but when the white applies , the response is different, and the job is available. Disability discrimination            Disability discrimination is a form of discrimination in workplaces where a manager or other body covered by the Association for people with Disabilities Act, treats an employee or an applicant with a disability in an unlawful way. It is also giving harsh treatment to an individual only because he is disabled. On the other hand, disability inequity also occurs when a covered employer or other entity treats an employee or applicant less favourably because he or she has an account of a disability. Disabilities may involve cases such as cancer that is inhibited or in reduction and also cases such as mental or a physical mutilation. (Mutilation that is not short-lived such that it is expected to last or lasting for 6 months or less). The labour law ‘however’ requires an employer to supply rational accommodation to such a worker or a job aspirant with any form of disability. Despite this, there is an exceptional for such provision. In case doing so would ca use major complexity or expenditure to the employer (undue hardship), the employer is permitted to neglect the Employment Law (Geisen & Harder, 2011).            Under the equality Act 2010, disability discrimination by an employer is when he or she treats a job applicant or an employee’s less favourably because of his or her disability. For example, job is a qualified accountant and applied for the job of chief accountant officer in company A. However, his application was turned down after; the management learnt that he is on a wheelchair user. This is direct disability discrimination. When an organization has a policy or procedure which despite applying to all the workers in the entity, puts people who share disability at a disadvantage compared to others, it is referred as indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination is more prominent in comparison with indirect. It is mostly experienced when a person is discriminated in the following areas; employment, education and training, provision of facilities, goods or services among many other areas (Perry et al, 2004).            There are various sources of Employment Law or the labour law both at international and national level. It can be found in a number of different sources. One of the main sources is the Common Law. This is the law made by judges when announcing their judgment in cases. Common Law is different from the Legislation law. Secondly, there is the Legislation source of the employment laws which is also known as Acts of Parliament or Statute law. These are laws drafted and enacted by the government. For example under the Employment law, there are Employment Act 2008, Employment act 2002, Employment rights Act 1996. Others include; Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and 2005, human rights act 1998, Equality Act, 2006 among many other acts that are used to govern the employment contracts ‘as well as sources of Employment law’. What is contained in the different Act may differ from one country to another. Government agencies Contribution in preventing disability discrimination            Government agencies in the UK, has been known for their commitment to social justice for all the people. This has been through various ways such as access of vital information to all people. The government has embarked on the implementation of the United Kingdom employment equality law. This is a body of which legislates against prejudice based actions in the workplaces. The law has well stipulated guidance in prevention of discrimination against the defined characteristics such as disability. In addition, the government has a well established court system that has allowed disability discrimination victims to report in case of any discrimination experience. The government has been on the forefront in fighting against discrimination. This been seen through the support of agencies such as human rights movement. The movement is allowed to fight for the rights of minority groups in the community. The government has also supported the fight against disability discrimina tion through the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA). The act makes it criminal to categorize against disabled persons. The law was enacted in1995 to provide stability in employment. The U.K. government has since extensively improved the DDA’s reward by extending its extent to award disabled persons lawfully protected social rights in almost all decisive areas of life (Mabbett, 2005). Contribution of human rights in disability discrimination            Since the founding of the human rights movement, the establishment has been on the forefront in promoting fundamental human rights. The establishment has been and continues to fight for equality as this is the cornerstone of fighting all kinds of discrimination. The project of fighting disability discrimination has been through the collaboration of the government and the human rights organization as well as like minded establishment. However, the fight against disability discrimination has its advantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages is the peaceful existence of people in the places of work. Whether disabled or not, the extinction of discrimination in the work places makes it possible for each and every employee contribute positively to the running of the organization. In addition, the fight has led to minimized discriminations against disabled people. It also provides vital egalitarianism through equal rights in service. Finally, it makes easy access of goods and services to all people such as public transport, education among others, as well as providing optimal conditions for retaining and hiring qualified workers (Hunter, 1992).            However, the fight against disability discrimination has resulted to increased expenses for the organization and business entities. For example, the employer is supposed to provide adequate resources for the disabled to have equal access as the other workers. If workers is confined into a wheelchair, his mobility is limited, the employer is supposed to provide adequate facilities and structures to enhance such a worker movement. This calls for extra financial need to support the disabled people. Disability discrimination cases at work place. (Case 1)Case Summary            Joan Maya (the plaintiff) worked for Sweet Restaurant Limited. She sued her former employer Sweet Restaurant Limited for direct disability discrimination. Despite Sweet Restaurant Limited (the defendant) not making explicit remarks about Joan’s disabilities when terminating her employment, the court found that, the reason behind Joan’s dismissal was her injuries. In turn, the court ruled in favour of Joan and awarded damages for injuries and loss of income. Facts            Joan was employed by the Sweet Restaurant Limited as a waiter in its Liverpool restaurant. She was supposed to help wheelchair-bound customers by lifting the right side of the wheelchair using his left hand together with three other waiters. On 30th April 2010, Joan sustained an injury to the left side of her body while supporting a wheelchair-bound customer. The Employees’ Compensation (Ordinary Assessment) Board Sweet Restaurant Limited assessed that Joan had suffered a 1 percent loss in earnings capacity as a result of that injury. However, Joan alleged that the Defendant had engaged in unlawful disability discrimination in breach of the Disability Discrimination Ordinance (DDO) on the grounds that: The Defendant delayed or defaulted in reimbursing medical expenses to Joan. Mr. Walter, a manager of the Defendant, displayed a ferocious facial expression to Joan. Walter was dissatisfied when Joan asked to hold the left side of the wheelchair (instead of the right side) due to her injury.            Mr. Victor John, a director of the Defendant, had expressed dissatisfaction taking her sick leave. He showed a judgmental facial expression to Joan, yelled at her and directed her to leave Sweet Restaurant Limited for her inability to use her left hand to carry the wheelchair. The Defendant dismissed Joan with 7 days’ wages without notice and giving no reason. The Defendant denied the accusation of illegal discrimination. It argued that Joan was already well again from his injuries at the material times, and sought to base Joan’s dismissal on her poor work presentation. Decision            The Court alleged that, the complaints made against Joan’s work performance were unconfirmed because: No warning in print had been issued about Joan’s poor performance. I addition, there is no record of Joan’s attendance had been produced by the Defendant to show that Joan had intentionally selected the busiest dates to take leave. The conditions indicated that the reason for Joan’s discharge was not her deprived performance, but the soured affiliation between the parties. This was after she had her injuries. Despite the fact that no remarks were made by Walter or Victor that pointed directly at her disabilities, the Court concluded that the disgust they directed against Joan was as a result of the work injuries Joan had sustained. The Court held that the Defendant had acted in breach of the DDO and awarded damages to Joan of $101,181.70 comprising compensation for injuries sustained and her loss of earnings. Comments from the case            It is illegal to treat a worker less satisfactorily on the grounds of the employee’s disability. An employer does not need to have made any explicit remarks about an employee’s disability to engage in unlawful disability discrimination. As such, an employer needs to be careful about how it treats an employee who has a disability or who may have suffered an injury. The explanation of the case was based on the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA), which is the major law concerned with discrimination cases. The act is used to define disability in context to the case scenario. However, despite the well laid law in prevention of disability discrimination (direct discrimination), the implementation of justice has challenges which is identification of evidences to support the cases.            There has been the enactment of disability prevention policies which are directed at controlling and minimization of discrimination cases. The policies are usually contained in the law with well stipulated procedure for employees and employers. There has been a shift away from treating disabled persons as passive recipients of welfare to viewing them as people with rights and the capacity to control their own care. The disabled people’s society, in campaigning for an inclusive community, is highly decisive of the form that recent government policy on anti-discrimination has taken. The employers are always supposed to adhere to the rules and regulations of the law about any form of discrimination. (Reitz, 2007).The process of employment law enactment has been faced with numerous challenges. One of the main challenges is the difference in policies from that are implemented by various organizations and employment companies in curbing organizations. Despite the general law against the disability discrimination ‘as well as other forms of discrimination’ different organizations have various approach method in curbing the vice. This greatly the common goal of the discrimination eradication acts. In addition, the reluctance of the people in the country has contributed to fully enactment of the law. This is whereby employees fail to report discrimination cases to the courts. This has in turn become a stumbling block in the fight against employee discrimination. Another challenge in curbing discrimination is the lack of information and educates education on the matter (lack of knowledge to the people). Education programs are frequently organized to educate not only the employees but also the general public on ways to eliminate discrimination.            The employment law and legal institutions have to the change of the social interaction between the law and society. The employment law has contributed to the social understanding and existence of different people in work places. In other words, the law has created equality in the society. Law has, more often than not, been measured as the conventional approach of the state to manage and uphold social order within its domain. It is also taken as a mechanism to successfully promote and uphold regulations in the societies. Laws and regulations are generally constructed on lawful concepts that emerge for centuries all through time, and they are influencing everyday life in varying ways. If we, for theoretical purposes, understand the law as a system of rules, the relations between law and society has until recently been both fairly straightforward and based on customs, traditions, geographical boundaries and physical space. Conclusion            The employment law and measure remains important features of employment regulation. Employers are much less likely to determine policies or employment practices without reference to legal standards. Nevertheless, there is still achievement which has been attained in curbing various levels of discrimination among the workers. Disability discrimination however, requires efforts from various stakeholders in order to minimize the discrimination in workplaces. The adoption of the legislation setting into the employment laws has improved labour standards and in turn strengthens the workers as well as their unions. The designing of labour laws today also has a key position in ensuring that a high level of employment and sustained economic growth is accompanied by continuous improvement of the living and working conditions globally. References Blanpain, R. (2009).  European labour law. Alphen aan den Rijn [etc.: Kluwer. Reitz, A. E. (2007).  Labor and employment law in the new EU member and candidate states. Chicago: American Bar Association. Davies, A. C. L. (2012).  EU labour law. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub. Hunter, R. C. (1992).  Indirect discrimination in the workplace. Annandale, NSW: Federation Press.Susser, P., & Petesch, P. J. (2011).  Disability discrimination and the workplace. Arlington, Va: BNA Books. International Labour Office. (2007).  Equality at work: Tackling the challenges : global report under the follow up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. Geneva: International Labour Office. Geisen, T., & Harder, H. G. (2011).  Disability management and workplace integration: International research findings. Farnham, Surrey: Gower. In Heymann, J., In Stein, M. A., & In Moreno, G. (2013).  Disability and equity at work.Parry, J., & American Bar Association. (2008).  Disability discrimination law, evidence and testimony: A comprehensive reference manual for lawyers, judges and disability professionals. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, Commission on Mental and Physical Disability Law. Perry, P., Perry Scott Nash Group., & British Standards Institution. (2004).  Winning with the Disability Discrimination Act: A guide for business. London: BSI. Mabbett, D. (2005). The Development of Rights-based Social Policy in the European Union: The Example of Disability Rights. Journal Of Common Market Studies,  43(1), 97-120. doi:10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00548.x Research and, M. (4). Research and Markets: European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of Racial, Gender and Disability Discrimination.  Business Wire (English). UK employment law – Disability discrimination. Retrieved from; http://www.lzwlaw.co.uk/documents/employment_law_dd.htm Disability discrimination, Retrieved from; http://www.adviceguide.org.uk/england/discrimination_e/discrimination_discrimination_because_of_disability_e/disability_discrimination.htm#h_toc Source document

Poverty Measurement Essay

When measuring poverty avoid including any particular normative position, concerning the weighing of various poor groups interest and instead it reports on changes in poverty as a result of linking various normative position and ordinal conclusion when measuring poverty. This means that for any particular method to be considered good in measuring poverty, it should involve the inspection and analysing of various aspects of the poverty in order to come up with a genuine report on the poverty. The measure of the economic status of any individual is usually based on what is consumed, and what one earns in terms of income. An analysis of various individual in a society, and including each of the individual’s shares in a given household, gives the economic welfare of the people. (Lister 2004). Although it is possible to measure the welfare of a household, challenges are encountered in trying to determine the household income because of the individual do not like giving details on what they earn. This is usually as a result of the possible illegal earnings, which when known can be taxed and because many of the small earnings are hard to measure. The assets value keep changing thus making it hard to measure the income. This these challenges have made the consumption based measures of living standard to be preferred instead of the income based measures, since the poor people have varying income. The consumption based measurements require a total calculation of all goods in a household which are considered durable, including the interest which the goods have generated and the depreciation of the item in question within the year of estimating the poverty. (Michael, 1999). This is because an individual can be in a state when he or she cannot provide for all needs, but it happens that some needs are catered for, and this shows that various households may have a varying order of preference, thus what one considers to be a basic need, might not be a basic need to the other household. However with this kind of measuring, all assets are thus included in the poverty measure. A calculation of value and depreciation of every good that is considered to be durable in a household. Housing services are also included in this method of measuring poverty. This is determined by considering the amount paid as rent. This method of determining the poverty level is considered the amount paid as rent. This method of determining the poverty level is considered to be more accurate since a minimum expenditure that an individual requires to reach the level of utility is shown. (Renata,2000). This method accesses both the worth of the consumed goods in terms of their prices and the household characteristics, thus making it easy to determine the amount required by a certain household to meet a certain utility level. The method is measuring poverty is considered to be more detailed since by just determining the income of a household without checking the household characteristics and expenditure cannot give the real living standards of a household, since some household are large in size than other, having incorporating various individuals. To explain this better, let’s take two different household, one, being small in size, and the other one large in size. The two households may be having a similar income, but the smaller household will have less consumption compared to the larger household. If one household contains individuals who are all working, then the consumption will be shared and thus lower compared to household with many dependants and few working individual. At the same time, the individuals in a certain households have varying needs, with some needs requiring more capital than others. This means that when measuring poverty each individual in a household should be considered and this is got by dividing the household expenditure with the total number of individuals contained in the household. The household consumption determines the household place in the poverty. A poverty line is the minimum standard at which an individual attains his or her basic needs. The poverty line can vary from household to household depending on pricing and the geographic composition of the household. (Ravallion 1998). The relative poverty line is used in identifying poor individuals but they their effect vary depending on the country’s development level. This is because a $1 per day poverty line will have meaning in countries with poor living standards but not applicable in countries with higher living standards. The absolute poverty line is usually fixed over time unlike the relative one and in order to have poverty rate comparisons using absolute poverty line similar absolute line need to be used in both. Thus the monetary method of determining the poverty level becomes ineffective in many ways. (Baulch 1996). The method neglects the multidimensional poverty nature, and neglects different characteristics of household, whereby it considers only income based poverty line to identify the poor. The method does not consider the various needs of different people, whereby the healthy should be considered better off in terms of resources as compared to the sick and disabled. According to monetary method of determining poverty level, there is absolute poverty and anybody whose income is below US$1 a day is poor and relative poverty which relies on the poverty line, and is involved with the proportion of average income in a given country. The head count index of determine poverty is easy but cannot determine the depth of poverty line. Ulme & McKay 2005). The poverty Gap index shows the location of an individual in terms of distance from poverty line. It involves the average measure of all people of the gap between those of poor standard and poverty line thus unable to capture the inequality which exists among the poor. The squared poverty gap weighs the total poverty gaps and considers the weight is considered proportional to the poverty gaps. Poverty profiles examine the poverty patterns in a society showing major poverty and inequality facts.

Jayber Crow

At an early age Jayber Crow thought he was called to go into the ministry, but after many experiences and many questions about his religion, he found himself living in Port William, Kentucky as the town barber. Jayber quickly came to realize he needed Port William and loved to live and work there. Port William also came to realize that it needed Jayber. Not only was he the town barber, but he became the town grave digger and the janitor of the town church. Jayber found a place where he felt loved and that he belonged, and he was becoming a productive citizen. At the age of 10, Jayber’s life had been turned upside down.His aunt Cordie died, and he had no other relatives, so he was placed in The Good Shepherd orphanage. While at the orphanage, Jayber felt that he had been called into the ministry. After being orphaned at such a young age with nowhere to call home, he may have been looking too hard for a place to fit in or a place that he belonged. This could have led him to beli eve that he had been called to preach. He started pre-ministry at Pigeonville College, but before long he had started questioning his own beliefs and found himself wandering around looking for answers and a place to call home.As far back as he could remember, Jayber had fond and vivid memories of the river where he was raised. He loved that river because it always remained the same even when everything else changed around him. The river made him happy. After leaving Pigeonville, Jayber found himself in Lexington, but it was not long before he realized he needed to move on. Jayber eventually returned to his beloved river, and it led him to Port William. Jayber had learned how to cut hair while in school and had a stint as a barber in Lexington.When he saw that there was a barber shop in Port William with no barber, he figured that he could easily fill the position. Throughout his 32 years as the town barber, Jayber Crow made many friends who would last a lifetime. Aside from being th e town barber, Jayber was also the town grave digger and the janitor of the town church, all of which he thoroughly enjoyed. Since he lived above his shop in town, he could easily be found when a grave needed to be dug, and he was always more than willing to help the women at the church whenever they needed it. He loved his work, and his work loved him.The people of Port William welcomed him as part of the community. This story seems to be about the fact that Jayber was pleased with and thankful for the life he had, even though it was very simple. As he got older, Jayber moved to a two room shack on the river with no electricity and no running water, but he could not have been happier anywhere else. Jayber had found a place that he could call home and a town full of people that he could call family. In the story of Jayber Crow, the place where his deep gladness and the world’s deep hunger met was known as Port William.

Managing Human Resources (assign to Writer# 4592 or 3665) Essay

Managing Human Resources (assign to Writer# 4592 or 3665) - Essay Example ss has been suggested for National Lewis and Clark Corporation (NL&C) in consultation with different department heads, which can be consistent among all departments and which will drive company performance. The first requirement is to have a carefully structured system of appraisal where individuals do not judge the work performance of others. Different department heads should maintain record and describe in clear, concrete, objective language what occurred--who, what, where, when, and how rather than stating interpretations (Foster). Feelings expressed increases the responsibilities of the HR directors who have to review and correct the evaluations. It can also create motivational, ethical, and legal problems (ANA, 2006). Periodic interviews based on performance documentation would help to examine and discuss the performance while identifying strengths and weakness as well as oppurtunities for improvement and development. Appraisals should not be linked to rewards because this encourages biased appraisals. It also holds back an employee from discussing his weaknesses. To bring uniformity in appraisals, rating scales should be used where each employee is appraised on the same criteria and which allows ratings to be easily compared and contrasted. The rating-scale traits should be standardized so that they are relevant to all departments. It should not contain any traits that are specific to one department. A specific time should be allotted to give ratings so that department heads do not give false ratings under time constraints and other work pressure. They should be made to take the appraisals as a project so that justice is done to the employee. They should be encouraged to give an objective description and if necessary we can train the department heads to write the performance documentation. Human beings have a tendency to see what they want to see in a person and this cannot be eliminated but can be reduced to a great extent. Management by Objectives