Battle of Caen in World War II

Skirmish of Caen in World War II The Battle of Caen was battled from June 6, to July 20, 1944, during World War II (1939-1945). Arranged on the Orne River roughly nine miles from the Normandy coast, the city of Caen was a key street and rail center point in the district. The city was recognized by the Allies as an early objective for troops coming aground during the D-Day intrusion. As opposed to rapidly falling, the battle for Caen turned into a grisly, pounding undertaking that went on for seven weeks because of extraordinary German opposition. While an expensive battle, the battling around Caen nailed down German soldiers which encouraged Operation Cobra in late July. This saw the Allies breakout of the foothold and move to enclose German powers in Normandy. Foundation Situated in Normandy, Caen was distinguished right off the bat by General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Allied organizers as a primary target for the D-Day intrusion. This was to a great extent due to the citys key situation along the Orne River and Caen Canal just as its job as a significant street center inside the locale. Thus, the catch of Caen would incredibly restrain the capacity of German powers to react rapidly to Allied tasks once aground. Organizers additionally felt that the generally open landscape around the city would give a simpler line of advance inland instead of the more troublesome bocage (hedgerow) nation toward the west. Given the positive territory, the Allies likewise proposed to build up a few runways around the city. The catch of Caen was doled out to Major General Tom Rennies British third Infantry Division which would be helped by Major General Richard N. Storms British sixth Airborne Division and first Canadian Parachute Battalion. In the last designs for Operation Overlord, Allied pioneers expected for Kellers men to take Caen soon after coming aground on D-Day. This would require a development of roughly 7.5 miles from sea shore. D-Day Arriving during the evening of June 6, the airborne powers caught key scaffolds and big guns positions toward the east of Caen along the Orne River and at Merville. These endeavors viably hindered the enemys capacity to mount a counterattack against the sea shores from the east. Raging shorewards on Sword Beach around 7:30 AM, the third Infantry Division at first experienced firm obstruction. Following the appearance of supporting defensive layer, Rennies men had the option to make sure about the ways out from the sea shore and initiated pushing inland around 9:30 AM. Their development was before long halted by a decided guard mounted by 21st Panzer Division. Obstructing the way to Caen, the Germans had the option to end Allied powers and the city stayed in their grasp as night fell. Therefore, the Allied ground authority, General Bernard Montgomery, chose for meet with the administrators of the US First Army and British Second Army, Lieutenant Generals Omar Bradley and Miles Dempsey, to build up another arrangement for taking the city. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Qr65E9OPwMrgwlGxrjZfgzzSexc=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Bradley_-_Montgomery_-_Dempsey-9fb275bf1999429db897986788d1d207.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Lhx5kQtNLg012QWKrKjCI9MFjJc=/425x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Bradley_-_Montgomery_-_Dempsey-9fb275bf1999429db897986788d1d207.jpg 425w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/xDJHIb305_2HGLR4cbbw_B7yojk=/550x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Bradley_-_Montgomery_-_Dempsey-9fb275bf1999429db897986788d1d207.jpg 550w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/BcBvjpsJVAL55dfYqtkOo43w3v8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Bradley_-_Montgomery_-_Dempsey-9fb275bf1999429db897986788d1d207.jpg 800w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3twFr8R2uixzeC-Z_J90wm2IZuA=/800x797/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Bradley_-_Montgomery_-_Dempsey-9fb275bf1999429db897986788d1d207.jpg src=//:0 alt=Bradley, Montgomery, and Dempsey class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-12 information following container=true /> Lieutenant General Sir Miles C. Dempsey (right) with the 21st Army Group administrator, General Sir Bernard Montgomery (focus), and U.S. First Army officer, Lieutenant General Omar Bradley (left), 10 June 1944. Open Domain Quick Facts: Battle of Caen Strife: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: June 6, to July 20, 1944Armies Commanders:AlliesGeneral Bernard MontgomeryLieutenant General Miles Dempsey14 divisions, 8 protected/tank brigadesAxisField Marshal Erwin RommelField Marshal Gã ¼nther von Kluge15 divisions, 3 overwhelming tank regiments Activity Perch Initially considered as an arrangement for breaking out of the foothold toward the southeast of Caen, Operation Perch was immediately changed by Montgomery into a pincer assault for taking the city. This called for I Corps 51st (Highland) Infantry Division and the fourth Armored Brigade to cross the Orne River in the east and assault towards Cagny. In the west, XXX Corps would cross the Odon River, at that point swing east towards Evrecy. This hostile pushed ahead on June 9 as components of XXX Corps started doing combating for Tilly-sur-Seulles which was held by the Panzer Lehr Division and components of the twelfth SS Panzer Division. Because of deferrals, I Corps didn't start their development until June 12. Meeting substantial opposition from the 21st Panzer Division, these endeavors were ended the following day. As I Corps moved forward, the circumstance in the west changed when German powers, having been under overwhelming assault from the US first Infantry Division on XXX Corps right started falling back. Seeing a chance, Dempsey guided the seventh Armored Division to misuse the hole and advance to Villers-Bocage before going east to attack the left flank of the Panzer Lehr Division. Arriving at the town on July 13, British powers were checked in substantial battling. Feeling that the division was turning out to be overextended, Dempsey pulled it back with the objective of strengthening it and restoring the hostile. This neglected to happen when a serious tempest hit the territory and harmed gracefully procedure on the sea shores (Map). Activity Epsom With an end goal to recover the activity, Dempsey initiated Operation Epsom on June 26. Utilizing Lieutenant General Sir Richard OConnors recently showed up VIII Corps, the arrangement brought for a push over the Odon River to catch high ground south of Caen close Bretteville-sur-Laize. An optional activity, named Martlet, was propelled on June 25 to make sure about statures along VIII Corps right flank. Helped by supporting activities at different focuses along the line, the fifteenth (Scottish) Infantry Division, supported by protective layer from the 31st Tank Brigade, led the Epsom assault the following day. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/R44sHA0AQT8ahYBh_hsXqVuKJu8=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Operationepsom-16be6dd8e0e940eab0ae029f82681df7.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/nym5LXnGXuQJ1jRivseYheDyrJA=/449x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Operationepsom-16be6dd8e0e940eab0ae029f82681df7.jpg 449w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/voIN1OabmJRiBv5uDArbwzjwjF8=/598x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Operationepsom-16be6dd8e0e940eab0ae029f82681df7.jpg 598w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/FrzbYsNeLNpIqeOxNdqegsporsY=/898x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Operationepsom-16be6dd8e0e940eab0ae029f82681df7.jpg 898w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/7ZHhitgt-iWqcy6JWaqA8avWM_g=/898x750/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Operationepsom-16be6dd8e0e940eab0ae029f82681df7.jpg src=//:0 alt=Operation Epsom class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-26 information following container=true /> An ammo lorry of eleventh Armored Division detonates subsequent to being hit by mortar fire during Operation Epsom, June 1944. Open Domain Gaining great ground, it crossed the waterway, pushed through the German lines and started growing its position. Joined by the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division, the fifteenth got occupied with substantial battling and spurned a few significant German counterattacks. The seriousness of the German endeavors prompted Dempsey pulling his a portion of his soldiers back over the Odon by June 30. In spite of the fact that a strategic disappointment for the Allies, Epsom adjusted the parity of powers in the area in support of themselves. While Dempsey and Montgomery had the option to keep up a power of stores, their rival, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, was constrained to use his whole power to hold the cutting edges. Following Epsom, the Canadian third Infantry Division mounted Operation Windsor on July 4. This required an assault on Carpiquet and its contiguous landing strip which were found west of Caen. The Canadian exertion was additionally upheld by an assortment of authority defensive layer, 21 gunnery regiments, maritime gunfire support from HMS Rodney, just as two units of Hawker Typhoons. Pushing ahead, the Canadians, supported by the second Canadian Armored Brigade, prevailing with regards to catching the town however couldn't make sure about the runway. The following day, they turned around German endeavors to recover Carpiquet. Activity Charnwood Progressively baffled with the circumstance around Caen, Montgomery coordinated that a significant hostile be mounted to frontally ambush the city. In spite of the fact that Caens key hugeness had diminished, he especially wanted to make sure about Verriã ¨res and Bourguã ©bus edges toward the south. Named Operation Charnwood, the key goals of the ambush were to clear the city south to the Orne and secure extensions over the stream. To achieve the last mentioned, a reinforced segment was gathered with requests to race through Caen to catch the intersections. The assault pushed ahead on July 8 and was intensely bolstered by planes and maritime gunfire. Driven by I Corps, three

Reflective essay on confidentiality free essay sample

The subject I mean to think about is secrecy inside an expert human services setting. Secrecy shaped a piece of our expert issues talks and it provoked my curiosity because of how diversely it is deciphered inside human services rather than training, which is my experience. In an instructive setting I was instructed more than once that I would never guarantee secrecy among myself and a youngster. Contrasting that with what I have now realized in social insurance, this appeared to me nearly the contrary method of filling in as I was utilized to thus I wish to think about this. I expect to take a gander at why privacy is so significant inside social insurance and how it identifies with the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s (NMC) Code. I will take a gander at the techniques set up to secure the protection of social insurance clients, including the zones where secrecy is much increasingly significant. I will likewise be taking a gander at the different events that emerge in which a privacy can be penetrated and who ought to be educated in these cases lastly I would like to take a gander at a contextual analysis where classification was penetrated and utilize that data to help control me to settle on better decisions later on. We will compose a custom exposition test on Intelligent exposition on privacy or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Jasper (2011) reveals to us that reflection is simply the capacity to see both genuinely and allegorically. She additionally expresses that reflection can be taking a gander at something or in an alternate manner. Somerville and Keeling disclose to us that reflection is the investigation of our considerations, activities and concentrating on our cooperation and situations with the goal of completely observing ourselves (Nursing Times, 2004). Bulman Schutz (2008) discuss reflection similar to a device to survey understanding, with the goal that it might be â€Å"described, examined [and] evaluated† then used to impact future practice. Tarnish Dallas (2010) express that reflection is fundamental in the nurse’s improvement into sound and responsive experts and they refer to Benner (2001) who expressed that nursing can't extend or completely create without the act of reflection. As indicated by Johns and Freshwater (2005), reflection is an expertise that is utilized all the time and in a wide range of circumstances, for example, significant occasions in our lives. There are different intelligent cycles accessible to help with the intelligent practice and Johns’ cycle talks about the connection among experts and managers and makes reflection a joint exercise, taking a gander at the activities and outcomes, the emotions behind it, the individual morals included and the information picked up (Johns, 1995). On the other hand, Gibbs’ cycle adopts a somewhat extraordinary strategy and is cyclic in nature, it takes a comparative intelligent blueprint however proceeds onward to ends and afterward activity intends to direct future practice (Oxford Brookes University, 2011). There are different cycles accessible including Driscoll’s â€Å"What? What of it? Presently What? † intelligent model which can help in increasingly broad intelligent circumstances (University of Nottingham, 2012). In any case, I will compose this paper utilizing an intelligent style as opposed to alluding to intelligent cycles. I expect to utilize this activity to advise and set me up for my future vocation and to investigate a subject that has made them bear on my life and will be progressively increasingly significant as I proceed down this profession way. Privacy is a significant part of social insurance including the whole range of human services laborers and settings. It is cherished in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Geneva (WMA, 2012) and the Hippocratic Oath (National Library of Medicine, 2012) similar to a focal part to our job as human services experts since before social insurance turned out to be so organized. The purposes behind keeping a trust in the social insurance setting are summed up by Lockwood in that the data has a place with the patient who is offering it to the specialist and in this way the specialist has an obligation to not abuse such data (2005). Lockwood likewise discusses the trust between a specialist and patient which would surely separate should classification be penetrated. Thompson, Melia Boyd (2000) reveal to me that the data a patient gives about themselves not just gives the medicinal services proficient capacity to support them yet in addition gives them control over them. For this situation, it is essential that human services experts use data that is given to them astutely and with the most extreme consideration. Seeing data about a medicinal services client in such terms causes me to understand that some data isn't really in the open space and in this way I have a benefit and duty to think about the patient as well as for the information about them that I am aware of. I understand that, despite the fact that I have an obligation to hold privacy, I might be put in a position where the certainty needs to likewise incorporate other social insurance experts and I have to include the patient in such a circumstance (on the same page). It is additionally similarly as critical to keep a privacy in light of information security enactment which authorizes the privileges of the person to have their own data prot ected (Legislation. gov. uk, 1998). So lawfully, medicinal services experts have an obligation to secure the social insurance user’s individual data, in any event to theâ legal least, or face procedures. On this however, there is a further obligation put on the human services proficient to regard the privilege of the client to their private life and convictions. This is sketched out by the NMC’s Code (2012) which repeats the Data Protection Act, 1998 and further explains the lengths that human services experts ought to go to guarantee the social insurance user’s secrecy and security is ensured. I would say in instruction, rules to educator understudy relations included instructors as well as all experts in contact with students. From this I would comprehend that when an article states specialist quiet relations it would incorporate all human services professionals’ not simply specialists. I concur with Cornock in that a patient offers data to medicinal services experts with the expectation that it very well may be utilized to aid treatment (2009). On the off chance that this secrecy is penetrated, the patient may not feel great to uncover all data because of a paranoid fear of it getting all the more for the most part known. I for one accept this can prompt less viable human services treatment and even a dread of getting any treatment whatsoever in instances of injury or ailment that might be to a greater extent a cultural no-no. The NMC Code (2008) states that social insurance experts must â€Å"respect the patient’s right to confidentiality† and to talk about with the patient when any of their own data will be passed to another individual from the group; this is a substantially more formal and expert way to deal with managing data than I have encountered before and the onus is on me to guarantee that I make the medicinal services client completely mindful of the manners by which their data will be used. This includes a part of correspondence in increasing a user’s trust and giving them the earth where they believe they can be tuned in to and that their feeling will be esteemed. By doing this I am building a trust and certainty relationship with the patient. When I have picked up the trust of the patient and now have this data which can be utilized to better their personal satisfaction, I should know about the procedures set up to shield this data from the open space. The NMC Code sets out rules for the medical attendant to guarantee that data is secured. It requires the medical caretaker to not talk about any data about the patient outside of the clinical setting, to not examine patient’s cases out in the open spots where it tends to be caught and to not leave records unattended where they could be perused by unapproved individuals (in the same place). These additionally incorporate the utilization of web long range interpersonal communication destinations among others; I imagine that a â€Å"public place† likewise incorporates a territory of the web which can be perused by individuals not associated with the social insurance setting. These three standards will assist with guaranteeing that any data the medical caretaker accumulates won't coincidentally travel to sources outside of the consideration of the patient. The Caldecott Report was a report done by the Department of Health about the utilization of patient data in the NHS with respect to privacy, particularly considering the expanding utilization of data innovation. The report distinguished procedures that ought to be set up in social insurance settings to ensure data (DoH, 1997). These included utilizing the NHS number as an identifier rather than the patient’s name, utilizing minimal measure of recognizable data, instructing social insurance experts on the duty of holding such data, and so on. A ton of the proposals in the report are tied in with guaranteeing the patient’s recognizable proof is kept separate from the insights concerning their human services or downplaying recognizable data if there should arise an occurrence of incidental exchange. The insurance of the patient’s security is vital and the report embarks to help human services experts guarantee they keep up this protection. Human services experts have an obligation to record information applicable to the patient for different reasons, for example, advocating choices made, helping keep coherence of care reliable, to archive conveyance of care, and so forth. These records anyway should be taken care of with extraordinary consideration to guarantee that they are not a wellspring of spilling data. Hence the NMC have severe rules with regards to how the records ought to be made and kept. The records should be clear and marked and dated and held as per the NMC rules and individual Trust’s guidelines (NMC, 2009). There are territories however

MIT Regular Action Deadline Extended to January 3

MIT Regular Action Deadline Extended to January 3 MIT Admissions has extended the deadline for applying for regular admission to January 3. The freshman application can be submitted through MyMIT. Additional forms, including teacher recommendation forms and the Secondary School Report, can also be downloaded from MyMIT. The deadline extension means that you should you should click the final submit button of your online application on or before January 3. If you are applying on paper, have the Post Office postmark and mail your materials on or before January 3. We strongly suggest that you not wait until the very last moment to submit your deadline. If your application is ready to go, click that button, or stamp that mail! The closer you send in your application to the deadline, the longer it will take our records office to process and for it to appear on your Application Tracking. Our records office is fully staffed over the holidays and is, even as I write, busily processing all of the application pieces that have been submitted. If you have already submitted application materials, please be patient as you wait for it to appear on the Application Tracking. It can take 3 weeks for items to appear in Application Tracking. Please note that you do not need to express mail or overnight your application, nor should you fax any materials at this time. Midyear Grade Reports do not need to be submitted by January 3; they should be submitted as soon as possible after the completion of your first semester. If you are not in a American-style school or you will not have any midyear grades, then dont worry about the Midyear Grade Report. If you have any problems accessing MyMIT, please be patient; we are facing unusually heavy user activity. If you have further questions, I have been answering questions in this post. Happy holidays!

Essay Dichotomy in Seamus Heaney’s Poetry - 3663 Words

Dichotomy in Seamus Heaney’s Poetry How much does an artist’s life affect the art they produce? One’s art certainly can be an expression of one’s surroundings and in this manner the surroundings are woven like a thread into their body of work. Seamus Heaney, born and raised in Northern Ireland, has grown up with many strong influences in his life that are visible in his poetry. As Robert Buttel claims in his article on Seamus Heaney â€Å"the imprint of this poet’s origins is indelibly fixed in his work† (180). Living in the â€Å"bogland† as Heaney has described Northern Ireland left an imprint on his poems, as he often depicts the lush green countryside and pastoral scenes of his youth. However, he also acknowledges his modern society.†¦show more content†¦All of these dualities in his poetry, his art, can be linked to his biography. The tense social and political atmosphere he was raised in, the local verses and scholarly education he received, the emotional f luctuations caused by IRA bombings and peace protests all contribute to the â€Å"splitness† in his poetry. This poignant dichotomy is seen explicitly in two poems in Seamus Heaney’s Field Work. One poem, â€Å"The Strand at Lough Beg† is written for â€Å"Heaney’s cousin Colum McCartney (ambushed and shot in a sectarian killing)† and is rich with pastoral scenery, dark tones, and religious imagery (Vendler 60). Another poem, â€Å"A Postcard from North Antrim† is about â€Å"his friend the social worker Sean Armstrong (shot by a ‘pointblank teatime bullet’)† (Vendler 60). These two elegies, both with a strong presence of Heaney’s personal voice, are imbued with a sort of ambiguity as Heaney struggles with the death of two people who were both very close to him. In both poems, Heaney â€Å"tries to converse with and question the dead† in an attempt to rationalize, or at least display his sentiments on the untimely deaths (Parker 159). It is interesting to watch Heaney oscillate in imagery, tone and diction as he prog resses through both poems. This wavering can be seen as a result of Heaney’s background. Seamus Heaney was born in Mossbawn, 13 April 1939, the place of the family farm in County Derry, Northern Ireland, nearly 30 milesShow MoreRelatedEssay about Bone Dreams by Seamus Heaney1953 Words   |  8 PagesBone Dreams by Seamus Heaney – An Analysis Bone Dreams is an obscure and difficult poem to understand. In all my searching on the internet, I found very little to help me in my analysis of this poem and so the ideas are basically my own. I might be wide of the mark, but for anybody struggling to understand this poem, it might at least give you some ideas of your own. I make no apology for asking questions or for sounding vague or even muddled in places. I hope that this essay is of help

Euthanasia and Death Penalty - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 726 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Euthanasia Essay Did you like this example? The two controversial topics that have grasped people’s attention are euthanasia and death penalization. The subject itself has roots that have been developed from the beginning of humankind. It is interesting to learn about this subject of matter because it may be useful to know in certain situations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Euthanasia and Death Penalty" essay for you Create order Also, learning if there is a right or wrong in such actions will provide more perspectives on this matter. The decision of whether a person should live or die depends on the state laws. There are both rivals and followers of the subject. However, no matter how different opinions are, the state holds the authority of making this decision. Death penalization and euthanasia are serious matters that have not been taken lightly throughout time. State laws have been created for reasons, whether valid to society or not, it holds power beyond human control. The act of euthanasia was already known and conducted by people in the Roman Empire. Since it wasn’t in conflict with moral standards at the time, people were not condemning or judging those who performed it . Whether it is a sentence for a crime or an illness taking over, who has the right to decide if a person’s life should continue or end. Can anyone measure the pain that one goes through while lying in bed unable to move? Only a few states in the USA legalized euthanasia, but many more states have the action of death penalization. Is it truly fair for people who did not commit any crimes to go through pain and suffering, and not being able to leave this world in peace? But people who committed a crime sentenced to death under â€Å"merciful† circumstances. The word â€Å"euthanasia† derived from the Greek words that translate as â€Å"easy death† and means helping terminally ill persons to die in a fairly painless way . As in the case of a death penalization, euthanasia has its supporters and opponents. Whether it is one or the other depends on several facts, such as personal opinion, culture of the person that was brought up, religion that one practices, and circumstances surrounding the decision. Usually, if the decease causes the unbearable physical and mental pain, that person will ask to be killed, but if this factor is eliminated, then there is no reason to die. When a perso n asks to kill him or herself, it might be a cry for help in painful circumstances, whether it is mental or physical. However, euthanasia is not just â€Å"easy death†, but it is mainly a decision about it. The dilemma is if a person should die naturally, but in pain, or perform or not to perform certain actions, which will help him die without causing much torments. The main reason against euthanasia is that the medical professionals are under the oath to never do harm, particularly to kill anyone. Supporters of death penalization have several arguments justifying the state-sanctioned murder of those who take lives away. There is an old law that states, â€Å"tooth for tooth, eye for eye†. Then there is the practical argument stating that the death sentence keeps many criminals from being murdered. In addition, death penalization prevents recurrence in regards to murderers because if they are released from prison, there is a high chance that they will commit crimes again. Prison does not guarantee a mental fix for people who commit crimes such as man slaughter and or murder. The third argument is also pragmatic, and inferior because the state saves money by killing murderers. Instead of keeping them in prison for a lifetime expectancy, societies taxes and certain fees are contributed to subjects of this matter. The rivals state two ethical arguments, which consist of the following. In modern democracy, punishment should not only be punitive but should also try to reeducate a criminal to enable him to live in a society with others. While this argument is unconditional, those who have heard about modern prisons recognize that many inmates are immune to re-education, which is a fact that cannot be explained solely by conditions of custody. The second ethical argument is based on the commandment â€Å"Thou shalt not kill,† which also warns states alongside to murder. The strength of this argument is undermined by the fact that the state may resort to the death penalization to prevent severe crimes, or to prevent rebellion.

Dante Alighieri ( 1265-1321 ) - 1353 Words

1. Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) was banished from Florence in 1302 and was a soldier in the battle of Sienese and Campaldino. 2. There was a lot of political unrest during Dante’s lifetime, as well as a horde of new poetical and literary movements that arose. This was due to the Guelfi Party’s split into two: those in favor of the pope and those in favor of the emperor. In addition, the new poetical movement that came about was called the â€Å"Stilnovo†, and was basically a style where poets would discuss their feelings of love and theorize about love. 3. Dante’s wife, Gemma Donati, does not have as large an influence on his work as Beatrice Portinari, his first love. Many of Dante’s poems in the Vita Nuova are based on his love for Beatrice and the passion that he feels for her. 4. Dante held the occupations of a patrician in Florence, a poet and author in Florence, a soldier at the battles of Sienese and Campaldino, a student at the convents of Santa Croce and Santa Maria Novella, a secretary to Scarpetta Ordelaffi, an ambassador to Venice, Rome and San Gimignano, a magistrate in Florence, and a politician in Florence. 5. Dante belonged to the political party â€Å"Guelphi†, which was the most prominent in Florence and the surrounding areas. When the Guelphi split, Dante became a white Guelphi, those in favor of the emperor rather than the pope. 6. La Vita Nuova or Vita Nova is an anthology of poems written by Dante Alighieri in 1295. 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Beatrice Portinari would become the subject of, and inspiration for much of Dante’s writing. Love was the topic of many of Dante’s literary works and he was amongst the first poets to write about love. After the death of Beatrice Portinari (when Dante was twenty-five years of age), Dante became interested inRead MoreThe Divine Comedy1705 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the Middle Ages, art and philosophy has been lost in darkness, but with the reintroduction of idea s that came with the Renaissance in Italy, brought about a literary revival. One of the writers that influenced this revival is Dante Alighieri, a 13th century poet from Florence, Italy. His world famous epic, La Commedia, or more commonly known as The Divine Comedy remains a poetic masterpiece depicting truth and sin. The Divine Comedy, through the journey into the three hells, expressesRead MoreHell And Back Dante s Journey Through Hell1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe book was written by Dante Alighieri as the first part of his Divine Comedy. This trilogy consists of The Inferno, Purgatory, and Paradise (heaven). Dante Alighieri’s The Inferno was a literary inspiration that depicts the beliefs of Christianity and the flaws of human nature through the use of Homer’s, Virgil s, Milton’s, and Shakespeare’s writing styles. In order to understand this book one must first understand Dante Alighieri’s background and time period. Dante Alghieri, one of the mostRead MoreDante Alighieri and his Divine Comedy Essay596 Words   |  3 PagesDante Alighieri (1265-1321) was an Italian poet in the Middle Ages. The Divine Comedy, of which Inferno is a part, is considered the greatest literary work in the Italian language and a masterpiece. Inferno is the story of Dante the pilgrim’s journey from the dark wood of error through Hell, led by Virgil. This is Dante the pilgrims opportunity to recognize his sins; he is given the opportunity to see how the error of his ways will be punished if he does not change. In Dante’s Hell, the punishmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Inferno By Dante Alighieri1583 Words   |  7 PagesInferno, written by Dante Alighieri illustrates the idea of justice through the belief that with each action arise a consequence. What you sin above ground, you deal with under. Through this he gives examples of the sins done and the punishment that is inflicted from doing such thing as a disgr ace to God. All through Dantes imagination and his views as to how it should be done, there is a punishment for each area of sin committed which is why a person who bribes will be in the further in the levelRead MoreDante Alighieri s Life And Work1936 Words   |  8 PagesDante Alighieri was born on the year of 1265 in Florance Italy. Dante s family was involved in complex Florentic polotics. This would latter become a huge influence in Dante s life and work. A few years latter, around 1272 his mother joins those in the relm of the dead, never to return. At the young age of 12, Dante s family arranged a future marrige with the daughter of one of their family friends. Arround 1285 Dante married Gemma Donati. Although Dante was married to Gemma he was never trulyRead MoreThe Inferno is a work that Dante used to express the theme on his ideas of Gods divine justice. Gods divine justice is demonstrated through the punishments of the sinners the travelers encounter.2641 Words   |  1 1 Pagesstatement: In Dantes Inferno, the first part of the Divine Comedy, Dante develops many themes throughout the adventures of the travelers. The Inferno is a work that Dante used to express the theme on his ideas of Gods divine justice. Gods divine justice is demonstrated through the punishments of the sinners the travelers encounter. 1) Introduction A. An overview Dante Alighieris life, writing style and the Inferno B. Dante Alighieris life during the torrential times of the Florentine history

Contributory and Comparative Negligence Process

Question: Discuss about the Contributory and Comparative Negligence Process. Answer: Introduction: Negligence has been regarded as a failure on the part of an individual to take reasonable care in order to avoid causing harm or damage to any other individual (Negligence, 2016). In order to prove negligence on the part of an individual there has been four major steps which should be proved by the applicant as the burden of proving such negligence was always on him. The case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 has been the landmark case which has recognized the contemporary law of carelessness and recognized the neighbour test (E-lawresources, 2016). There was a responsibility in the circumstances to be concerned i.e. the person owed a duty of care towards other individual; The act or inaction of the respondent in the circumstances did not ordinary way of care which a reasonable person would convene in the circumstances i.e. contravention of such obligation; The applicant suffered harm and damage which a rational person in the circumstances could have been predictable to anticipate i.e. damage; The harm was caused by the contravention of such duty i.e. causation (Bugg, 2006). A obligation of care has been defined as a lawful duty to avoid an act which would cause harm or where the injury was reasonably foreseeably occur if reasonable care was not taken (Freilich, 2000). So, in order to establish that a duty of care was violated the tribunal must have a look at the standard of care which would have been seen to be expected in all the situations (The Law Handbook 2016, 2016). The standard of care could be dogged by looking at what a prudent individual would have done (or not done) in the similar situations (Legal Services Commission of South Australia, 2016). Where a respondent has acted in an irrational manner or their dealings fell well below the standard which was predictable then they would be found to have violated their obligation of care (Legal Aid, 2016). Also, on the other hand the concept of Contributory negligence could also take place when the injured individuals themselves were found to have contributed to the reason of their harm or loss (E-Lawresources, 2016). If a applicant has failed to take sensible care for their own protection or damage then they would be found contributorily negligent (Justia, 2016). Then the sum of costs an individual could assert would be decreased according to the degree they were found to have contributed to the harm (Legal Services Commission of South Australia, 2016). For example: if a slip or fall takes place as a result of the offended individuals failure to keep a lookout for their own protection where they could sensibly have been expected to do so then both the individuals would be contributorily negligent (FindLaw, 2016). In the case of Jackson v McDonalds Australia Ltd [2014] NSWCA 162, the Court held that the applicant was held 70 percent of contributory carelessness when he slides after going through a obviously wet floor where sign was posted and did not grasp any rails. McDonalds was held 30 percent liable for the legal responsibility for its breakdown to wash up the tip out waste right away. Similarly in another case of Fitzsimmons v Coles Supermarkets [2013] NSWCA 273 in which it was clearly stated by the Court that the applicant was 50 percent contributory neglectful for fading to pay attention to the drenched floor symbols which were located about the pond of water on which the applicant slided. Coles was held to bore 50 percent of the legal responsibility because its symbols were mendacious falsely and exterior to the usual area of idea of the clients and botched to position a worker around the fall to advise clients. In another matter of Hamilton v Duncan [2010] NSWDC 90, the tribunal have concluded that the applicant was 30 percent contributory neglectful for not keeping a appropriate guard for the hole in spite of the fact that they were being conscious of the hole in which he tripped and even advised a witness of its attendance minutes previous to the calamity. The occupiers bore the outstanding obligation for its breakdown to examine the region and fill in the hole(s) in a opportune style (Bannermans, 2016). So, in the present situation as it was the wet Saturday morning on which Tamara walked down the confectionary passageway of her restricted Aldi Supermarket. And she saw that there was only one chocolate left which was at the end of a lane so, she began to run towards the chocolate bar. But it was clearly stated that the other shopper was at the far end of the aisle. As a result of which she ran even faster with a view that if she would walk slowly then she might not be able to get that last piece as she saw another shopper near that chocolate shelf. As a result, when she made an attempt to reach faster for the chocolate bar she falls on a pond of melted ice cream and smashed her back. Also, Aldi Supermarkets after the allegation was made by Tamara against them for negligence stated that they could show that an employee was appointed by the supermarket who inspects the supermarket passageway and cleans up any wastes every 40 minutes. Conclusion Therefore, it would be advised to Tamara that this case would be a case of contributory negligence which has been proved by the cases which were mentioned above as the supermarket was successful in proving that they made a great effort and taken all precautions which a prudent person would have taken in order to avoid any harm. And it was Tamaras fault as she was wet already when she came in the store because of the rain and then also she ran because she was in a hurry to get the chocolate. And the duty of care which a applicant was stated to show towards another person was also reflected by the act of the defendant and no unlawful act was depicted by the act of them. So, the case would be concluded to be of contributory negligence as the precaution which was taken by the supermarket employees has been proved manner. As a result it has been advised to Tamara that whatever happened was due to the fault of both the sides and not wholly on the part of the defendant. References Bannermans. (2016) Contributory Negligence In "Slip And Fall" Cases - No Control Over The Plaintiff's Own Action Or Inaction? [Online] Bannermans. Available from: https://www.bannermans.com.au/insurance/articles/public-liability/331-contributory-negligence-in-slip-and-fall-cases-no-control-over-the-plaintiff-s-own-action-or-inaction [Accessed on 24/12/16] Bugg, T. (2006) Negligence and damages personal injury, property damage and pure economic loss. [Online] Law Council. Available from: https://www.lawcouncil.asn.au/lawcouncil/images/LCA-PDF/speeches/20060526Negligenceanddamages.pdf [Accessed on 24/12/16] E-Lawresources. (2016) Contributory negligence. [Online] E-Lawresources. Available from: https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Contributory-negligence.php [Accessed on 24/12/16] E-lawresources. (2016) Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562. [Online] E-lawresources. Available from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Donoghue-v-Stevenson.php [Accessed on 24/12/16] FindLaw. (2016) Contributory and Comparative Negligence. [Online] FindLaw. Available from: https://injury.findlaw.com/accident-injury-law/contributory-and-comparative-negligence.html [Accessed on 24/12/16] Freilich, A. (2000) Contributory Negligence and Breach of Contract: The Implications of Astley v Austrust Ltd. Western Australian Law Review, 29, 18-38. Justia. (2016) Comparative Contributory Negligence. [Online] Justia. Available from: https://www.justia.com/injury/negligence-theory/comparative-contributory-negligence/ [Accessed on 24/12/16] Legal Aid. (2016) Negligence. [Online] Legal Aid. Available from: https://www.legalaid.wa.gov.au/INFORMATIONABOUTTHELAW/BIRTHLIFEANDDEATH/PERSONALINJURY/Pages/Negligence.aspx [Accessed on 24/12/16] Legal Services Commission of South Australia. (2016) Negligence [Online] Legal Services Commission of South Australia. Available from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch01s05.php [Accessed on 24/12/16] Legal Services Commission of South Australia. (2016) What is negligence?. [Online] Legal Services Commission of South Australia. Available from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch29s05s01.php [Accessed on 24/12/16] Negligence. (2016) Negligence. [Online] Negligence. Available from: https://negligence.laws.com/contributory-negligence [Accessed on 24/12/16] The Law Handbook 2016. (2016) Negligence and injury. [Online] The Law Handbook 2016. Available from: https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/10_01_00_negligence_and_injury/ [Accessed on 24/12/16]

Feminist Backlash Essays - Feminist Theory, Womens Rights

Feminist Backlash Feminist Backlash: The Unconscious Undermining of Genuine Equality American people come in a variety of shapes and sizes; their thoughts, fears, and convictions differ widely. It is usually necessary for Americans to choose a status in politics and community; but it is obvious that among specific groups and organizations, a persons beliefs and opinions differ dramatically from the next. Feminist groups, specifically in the last twenty years, have announced their view of membership as an elite group of woman who must have the same specific convictions. Moreover, they denounce anyone who does not, as irrational and supporting the continuance of subordination of women. Feminist propaganda is off track when it comes to the real experiences of American women and men. It is true, that in the past, a womans voice was often disregarded; she was denied certain rights, for some women fought. Elizabeth Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Blackwell were famous for their courage and persistence in bringing change. It is safe to say that most Americans now a gree men and women have vast talents and capabilities. A century ago women were concerned with issues, such as the right to own property and vote. Somewhere between then and now, feminist groups turned their agenda to issues that offended many Americans. They crossed the line of personal and moral decisions and made ridiculous accusations toward men. The first feminists were necessary. Modern feminists have lost touch with American women and unconsciously undermined genuine equality. It is no wonder why men and women try to distance themselves from feminism. Long before Europeans came to the new land with their Judeo-Christian ideology, patriarchy was the exception not the norm. Women, their bodies, and ability to give birth and nurse children were adorned. Women did eighty percent of the hunting until the reintroduction of the horse. Women were shoved out of the hunting scenario. The horse allowed men to become radius, and the mans expendable sex was no obstacle when traveling long distances. The economic survival was now the mans domain. The value of the women fell when mother earth lost her place. In addition, the European settlers forced their Christian ideals on the Native Americans and other subordinate groups later. During the next several years, the colonial family stayed the same; historically, there was no womens movement until 1848, the year of the Seneca Falls Convention. Organized by Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott, the Declaration of Principles was produced. It paraphrased the Declaration of Independence with emphasis on women. Before 1848, vocal feminists had raised their voices within the Abolitionist Movement. Major concerns of pre-Civil War feminists were: property rights for women, custody of their children in cases of divorce, the right to their earnings, the ability to sign contracts and serve on juries, equal higher education opportunities, and equal opportunities in the workplace . The latter phase of the movement came after the Civil War. The feminists had now formed associations and groups primarily concerned with getting the vote. The American Womens Suffrage Association associated with a more conservative group, including Elizabeth Blackwell, the first women doctor, as a prominent leader. The two groups united in 1890 as the Suffrage Movement; because of this coalition, the older radical National Association lost influence. In 1920, after fifty years of struggle women were given the right to vote. The suffrage movement had no official ideology; its purpose was to obtain the right to vote. Its members and leaders came from all walks of life and had greatly varying views on current events. The second wave of the feminist movement began in the 1960s. By this time, a very broad and diverse movement had developed a mass following. The National Organization of Women (NOW) was established in 1966. Within a few months, many other womens organizations were established. NOW represented an older, more conservative movement; but many younge r radical womens liberation groups were emerging with no national organization. Young women were often involved with Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). In the early 1970s, the conservative feminists and more radical feminists began to work toward common goals. Ms. Magazine was first published in 1972. The second wave feminist movement wanted a complete restructuring of American society

Alterations in Renal Function quiz Essays - Syndromes, Free Essays

Alterations in Renal Function quiz Essays - Syndromes, Free Essays Week 4 : Alterations in Renal Function - Quiz 4 Time Remaining: Page 2 Question 1.1. What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells? (Points : 2) 1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell) 1:2 (one capillary per two muscle cells) 1:4 (one capillary per four muscle cells) 1:10 (one capillary per ten muscle cells) Question 2.2. Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)? (Points : 2) IL1 and IL-6 IL-2 and TNF- IFN and IL-12 TNF- and IL-4 Question 3.3. Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms? (Points : 2) Bacteria Fungi Viruses Yeasts Question 4.4. What is the life span of platelets (in days)? (Points : 2) 10 30 90 120 Question 5.5. Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? (Points : 2) Adrenal cortex Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Limbic system Question 6.6. Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted? (Points : 2) A B C D Question 7.7. The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes? (Points : 2) Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III) Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin Shortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot Degrading the fibrin within blood clots Question 8.8. During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated? (Points : 2) Neutrophils Monocytes Eosinophils T lymphocytes Question 9.9. The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? (Points : 2) Right-to-left blood shunting Left-to-right blood shunting Blood flow from the umbilical cord Blood flow to the lungs Question 10.10. Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia? (Points : 2) Aplastic Sideroblastic Anemia of chronic disease Iron deficiency Question 11.11. Infants are most susceptible to significant losses in total body water because of an infants: (Points : 2) High body surfacetobody size ratio Slow metabolic rate Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty Question 12.12. Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the: (Points : 2) Vagus nerve Sympathetic nervous system Somatic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Question 13.13. Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves? (Points : 2) Peripheral nerves Parasympathetic fibers Sympathetic nervous system Tenth thoracic nerve roots Question 14.14. Where are antibodies produced? (Points : 2) Helper T lymphocytes Thymus gland Plasma cells Bone marrow Question 15.15. An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? (Points : 2) Atrial septal defect (ASD) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Question 16.16. The coronary ostia are located in the: (Points : 2) Left ventricle Aortic valve Coronary sinus Aorta Question 17.17. The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is used to screen for which cancer? (Points : 2) Ovarian Uterine Cervical Vaginal Question 18.18. What is the purpose of the spirometry measurement? (Points : 2) To evaluate the cause of hypoxia To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration To measures the gas diffusion rate at the alveolocapillary membrane To determine pH and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations Question 19.19. An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? (Points : 2) IgG IgM IgA IgE Question 20.20. Which statement is true concerning the IgM? (Points : 2) IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen. IgM mediates many common allergic responses. IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins. IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta. Question 21.21. Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes? (Points : 2) Cells have broken through the local basement membrane. Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells. Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia. Question 22.22. Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication? (Points : 2) Retropharyngeal abscess Laryngospasms Rupturing of the tonsils Gagging induced aspiration Question 23.23. What is

End of the Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

End of the Century - Essay Example Opening the introduction of Reading the 'Fin de Siecle', Sally Ledger and Roger Luckhurst say: "The Victorian fin de siecle was an epoch of endings and beginnings. The collision between the old and new that characterised the turn of the century marks it as an excitingly volatile and transitional period; a time when British cultural politics were caught between two ages, the Victorian and the Modern; a time fraught with anxiety and with an exhilarating sense of possibility, (2000, p. xiii). According to them, women, imperialism, realism, journalism, drama, art, psychology, science, communication, education, democracy, politics, and meaning and expression of sex were all changing, at the turn of century. Intellectuality had a new meaning and geography of Europe, relationships between governments and countries were fast altering beyond recognition. They say that the allure of fin de siecle, its 'naughtiness' were reflected in the fantasies of the late twentieth century. Those are the ending of Victorian days, days of Charles Dickens, Victor Hugo, Arthur Rimbaud, Thomas Hardy, Oscar Wilde, steam engines, literary groups, learned institutions, proud cultural heritages. In Europe, everything was so well established that people and intellectuals were craving for some change to break the monotony. It was a moment that started a literature movement in almost all the regions. As the authors say, the end of the century was also the beginning of another century in the true sense. World was ready for a new era full of new ideas, wars, scientific discoveries, new art and individuality in every scene. The era of Postmodernism had started. They were the days when Paris was full of radical ideas in literature and various forms of arts. "When German troops withdrew from Paris after the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, French anarchists briefly established the Commune of Paris. Though the Commune of Paris was not long-lived, it seemed to set off a time in French culture when radical ideas in literature, art, theatre, and architecture were allowed to blossom. Paris became the center of avant-garde culture" http://lala.essortment.com/literaturemovem_rzkb.htm The unconventional ideas of writers like Stephan Mallarme, Guy de Maupassant influenced the new generation enormously. The saddest moment of fin de seicle came when Captain Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of spying for Germans, convicted and was deported into Devil's Island. Writer Emile Zola in his famous open letter 'J'Accuse' defended Dreyfus and eventually Dreyfus was brought back and exonerated, after much turmoil. Zola himself had to flee to English accused of a libel case and his novel Germinal kicked up a great scandal. This experience, in no way, hindered either Zola or other writers of fin de seicle. Then there is the most famous Art Noveau movement, started by two stalwart architects, Hector Guimard and Victor Horta. They initiated the entire art movement of the century. "The fluidity and asymmetry of these works had never been seen before, and was shocking to the bourgeoisie.

Law of Tort Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Law of Tort - Coursework Example Nevertheless, Gearty reports, an action in private nuisance now covers a wide array of malfeasances such as â€Å"smelly oil depots, noisy speedboats† as well as â€Å"dangerous natural hazards† and can even cover using one’s premises â€Å"for prostitution.3 It therefore follows that the manner in which an individual uses his/her own land can interfere with another’s enjoyment of his/her land. Loyd LJ reflects the essence of these developments in the tort of private nuisance and Professor Winfield’s definition of private nuisance.4 In this regard, Lloyd LJ identified three specific kinds of private nuisances. First a private nuisance exists when a neighbour’s land is encroached upon. Secondly, a private nuisance occurs with a neighbour’s land sustains physical damages directly and finally, private nuisance occurs when the quiet enjoyment of the neighbour’s land is interfered with.5 It would appear that the first definition of private nuisance is essentially the same as the third definition. ... To begin with, in order to successfully claim damages for private nuisance, the harm must be reasonably foreseeable.6 The requirement of reasonably foreseeable damages effectively replaces the previously available defence of natural use of the land as expressed in Rylands v Fletcher.7 Rylands established that in the event an individual makes unnatural use of his land and that unnatural use results in an escape that is likely to cause harm, and no steps are taken to circumvent that escape, liability will exist for any damages that are natural consequences of that escape.8 Rylands therefore implies that the natural use of one’s land may not give rise to liability for private nuisance or nuisance generally. Cambridge Water v Eastern Counties Leather however, changes this defence by insisting that the resulting harm must merely be reasonably foreseeable. Brearly explains that the natural user defence was significant for preventing a floodgates of nuisance claims. However, the natu ral user defence was â€Å"intrinsically flawed† in that it could conceivably render ensuing harm from the natural use of one’s land incapable of recovery.9 Therefore the requirement that the harm itself is reasonably foreseeable falls more comfortably under the definition of private nuisance and ensures that interference in the private use of one’s land should not only result in harm, but that harm should be reasonably foreseeable. This requirement is more likely to balance the rights of the neighbour’s use of his land and the defendant’s use of his own land. The unnatural and natural use of one’s land does not always result in harm or interference in one’s neighbour’s use of his/her land. Interference with one’s enjoyment of the use

External Threats That Face Coca Cola Commerce Essay

External Threats That Face Coca Cola Commerce Essay The report provides a detailed analysis of the external environmental threats of coca cola as well as how it monitors its environment to deter all the possible threats that may exist /arise there from, to enable it maintain a competitive position over its key competitors in the persistent shrinking business world with its attendant intense and unbridled competition. This report, in a bid to review of the current monitoring system of coca-cola, will take a problem/solution approach. This approach will help find out threatening environmental factors that affect decision making, and strategy formulation and the actualisation of the strategic intent of the coca-cola, such as economic regulations, tax changes, new laws, trade barriers, demographic change, and government policy changes among others. Books, articles, journals and periodicals were reviewed, internet sources were also visited, to elicit information. The major threat identified were more of environmental, arising majorly from its sludge which was alleged to contain a high level of toxic chemicals, including cadmium and lead, both of which can be harmful to human and plants. The case of coca-cola plant in Perumatti in the southern state of Kerala in India was used as a case study. Amidst these threats, key areas of opportunities for coca-cola were also identified. An epitome of this is its partnership with International Olympic Committee ( IOC) since 1928 and its recent renewal till 2020, covering a 12 -year pact from the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games through the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games, the London 2012 Olympic Games, the Sochi 2014 Olympic. (http://www2.coca-cola.com/ ) Considering the level of uncertainty and changing circumstances in the international business arena, especially in the face of the looming economic down-turn, the report, proffered the following recommendations: The use of environmental impact assessment , both before building a plant and afterwards. development of daily/weekly/monthly reports which will keep it abreast of whats new and significant in the market especially at the street level. the use of scenario planning which will constantly keep the company informed about what is happening in its marketplace as well as the gap between where they are, and where they intend to be. The use of bench marking, to be able to find out the gap between what they are doing and those of their competitors. development of essential competitor information which includes statements on strategy, new product development, marketing initiatives and key appointments and expansion plans and capacity variations. development of spot pattern/ trends that will be able to identify weak signal and thus keep ahead of its competitors. INTRODUCTION Not only is coca cola the worlds largest beverage company, but in 200 nations ( with consumers enjoying an average of 1.6 billion servings a day), sells about 500 sparkling brands, including 4 of the top sellers (coca- cola, diet coke, sprite and fanta), sparkling beverages, juices, and ready to drink teas among others. (http://www2.coca-cola.com/ ) Established: 1886 with its official headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia Company Associates: 92,400 worldwide (as of December 31, 2008) New York Stock Exchange Ticker Symbol: KO Supporting Communities In 2007, The Coca-Cola Company and The Coca-Cola Foundation made charitable Contributions of $99 million to community initiatives worldwide. . (http://www2.coca-cola.com/ ) 2008 Financial Highlights: Our portfolio includes 13 billion dollar brands. Unit case volume grew 5% to 23.7 billion unit cases worldwide. Net operating revenues grew 11% to $31.9 billion. More than 70% of our net operating revenues and more than 75% of our unit case volume were generated outside of North America. (http://www2.coca-cola.com/ ) With reference to SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porters five competitive strategy, I am analysing the precarious regulations, tax laws, trade restrictions, tariff, demographic changes ,in the business environment of coca-cola and a review of the current monitoring system of the external environment as well as proffering a recommendation, with regards to what coke could do better, to maintain and its competitive rim over its competitors. THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF COCA-COLA USING SWOT ANALYSIS ITS STRENGHTS At the heart of strategic planning, is environmental scanning ; a process of studying the environment of the organization to pinpoint opportunities and threats(Mathis, R.L, and Jackson,J.H:47). To analyse coca-colas environment, i am going to use SWOT and PESTLE analysis tools as well as the Michael porters five of competitive strategy. This is so because, it is the developments in the macro business environment , relating to political, social, technological, etc that automatically create opportunities or threats and in turn, impact on the strategic development of coca-cola which may either bring success or mar its strategic intent. For coca-cola, matchless opportunities abounds, which cannot be delinked from its strengths in innovation and product line expansion aggressive advertisement and promotions. According to Morrison, J.(2006:130-1) coca- colas strength has been in the carbonated soft drinks market, served by its flagship brand, coke, and promoted by global advertising campaigns. This has helped it build a strong brand recognition and brand loyalty, which is created by sets of positive associations that links the collector to the brand, thus building a relationship of trust, likability and loyalty(Jones, J.P 1999:263).Coca-cola has built around all its brand some personality characteristics(ibid:253) which is not only unique but timeless. Coca-colas brand name is well known throughout 90% of the world today. Also of strength is the multi-local strategy which is in keeping with the companys changing markets. Through this, local managers are enabled to devise their own marketing strategies and choose the products from the cokes portfolio that are best suited to local tastes. Morrison, J.(2006:132) Its implication is that every community of consumers is recognized and carried along, and this goes a long way to make them more loyal to coca-cola amidst other producers of similar product. Another unequalled opportunity that coca -cola has is the long lasting historic bond with International Olympic Committee (IOC: (the organizers of the Games of each Olympiad, and approximately 200 National Olympic Committees around the world)) since 1928 and its recent renewal of this historic bond, through 2020 to cover the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games through the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games, the London 2012 Olympic Games, the Sochi 2014 Olympic. (http://www2.coca-cola.com/ ) salt lake 2002 www.thecoca-colacompany.com The Coca-Cola Company is proud to be the longest continuous corporate partner of the Olympic Games WEAKNESSES: Amidst coca-colas reputation of innovation, and recent product line expansion, it is riddled with some weakness factors that pose some threats that can be detrimental to the organization if unchecked, such as; lack of continuity of workforce, negative publicity and communication among others. Negative publicity: Cokes flagship product; coca-cola classics is known to contain high levels of sugar and caffeine, contributing. In the recent times, this is causing uproar on the increasing health conscious world. Communication gap: Due to the complex size of the organization, there exists a communication gap between the superiors at the top of the hierarchy and their subordinates at the bottom of the ladder. In effect, conveying ideas about fixing problems that may occur on the street level may be delayed. Continuity of workforce: According to a 5 year employee of Kyle Hughes, Coke has a frustrating high turnover rate of retraining, averaging about 1, 600 sessions per annum. A PESTLE analysis will be done for a more understanding of the external environment of coca-cola. This will specifically look at how other external factors such as political, economic, social, technological, legal as well as environmental affect coca- cola. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF COCA-COLA, USING PESTLE ANALYIS The analysis of coca-cola, using the PESTLE cannot be duly separated because these factors are inter-locked, and as such, a development in the environment, could affect the economic situation and as such call for political decisions to be taken, and vice versa. The political aspect of PESTLE looks at what is happening politically in the environment, the constraints the government has imposed or is likely to impose in future, Morrison, J.(2006:30) This may also include tax laws, trade restrictions, government reforms and tariff. According to a report on Guardian of August 7, 2006, government policy affected coke in Guyarat, Madhya, Pradesh and Rajas in India as the selling of coke was banned in government offices and educational institutions which was estimated to deprive coke of a potential market of 30 million house hold. The above assertion cannot be delinked from the environmental factors in which, it was perceived that the presence of coca-colas plant in perumatti in the southern Indian state of Kerala had brought untold hardship to the host community as it was estimated that coca-cola uses an average of 1 million liters of water for its production on daily basis, thereby bringing about drinking water scarcity in the area. This according to the Guardian report, the waste sludge from the cleaning of its bottles was also seem by local farmers as detrimental to their farm lands as it was perceived to contain high levels of lead and cadmium. And lead according to Paul Brown; an environmental correspondent, in Guardian of 25th July,(2003), is particularly bad for children, affecting their nervous system and cadmium if taken up by plants, is toxic to the kidneys and liver and can cause cancer. In the light of this therefore, the government resolved in public interest, not to renew its license which we ca n see has a political undertone. The economic aspect looks at what is happening within the economy, example, economic growth/decline, interest rates and inflation rates, etc.albeit, there has been an economic recession, coca-cola has been making constant profit as can been in the recent fourth quarter report that was published in some periodicals. Profit- $6.82bn ( £4.36bn) for 2009- a rise of 17% on the previous year Sales increase: 4% on coca-cola, 10% cokes zero brand 55% profit and 5% global sales. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8506495.stm) and Net operating revenue-:5%,$7.51 billion topping analyst forecast of 7.22 billion. (http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/business/10coke.html) PORTERS FIVE COMPETITIVE FORCES Another strategy used by coca-cola to monitor its environment is the use of Michael Portes five theories. Michael Porter (1980) considers the external factors, that can impact upon an organizations competitive positioning, and thus identifies five competitive forces that govern the rule of competition and how the rules prevail in any organisation , both at home and at the global market.A comprehensive understanding the nature of each of these forces gives organisations the necessary insights to facilitate them to create the suitable strategies to be successful in their market. Porter further suggested that the relative strengths of these forces also determines the intensity of competition.These five forces are: Threat of new entrants; threat of substitutes/ replacement products; bargaining power of buyers; bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalries between firms of the same sector. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS Considering the brand loyalty, economies of scale, access to channels of distribution, etc, which coca-cola has acquired over the years, there is little or no threat for its products from new entrants into the non-alcoholic beverage sector. In the light of this, Coca-cola is place in a good competitive position. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES/ REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS: Bargaining Power of Suppliers This is very low for coca-cola considering the fact that there are variety of sources from which it can source inputs from. In other words, the supplier chain for its raw materials is reliable, fast, and prices are negotiable. THREAT FROM COMPETITION Coca-cola is a matured and dominant player in the worldwide soft drink industry , with a strong brand loyalty. Albeit, there exist the cola wars, between coke and Pepsi, both of them basically share the entire soft drink market, making use of harsh marketing, advertising and promotion tactics and this often lead to hampering profits between the two soft drink war-lords. HOW DOES COCA-COLA MONITOR ITS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT? An understanding that coca-cola does not operate in a vacuum has made it to continually scan its environment in order to find out or foresee likely environmental threats and thus develop appropriate responses to them. This has helped it to take advantage of its opportunities, and minimize threats and again, determines how it will achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Certain models and frameworks that can be used for this purpose includes: Scenario planning, customer surveys/ opinion polls, bench marking, among others. Customer Surveys /Opinion polls: This is a strategy coke uses to find out the opinion consumer have about is products or other changes especially as it concerns its activities and those of its competitors. Over the years, coca-cola and Pepsi have been locked in fierce battles, sometimes described as the cola wars Shimp, T.A (2007:43). One sensational battle began in 1975 when the traditional coke was tested against Pepsi.( ibid) The result gotten informed a change in the cokes formula for more sweetness, the result was that the folks who liked old Coke went crazyso crazy that the Coca Cola Company decided to bring it back as Coke Classic. (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-3961611.html) Scenario Planning: Scenarios are realistic descriptions of the organisations possible futures that allow the scenario team to set aside its individual and organisational assumptions about how the external environment will operate and explore new ones (Ralston, B.2006:141) Coca-cola is constantly aware of the link between its strategy and the changing future, thus, itself for the ifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦then probable future. This is exemplified it its mission statement, thus: the world is changing all around us. To continue to thrive as a business over the next ten years and beyond, we must look ahead, understand the trends and forces that will shape our business in the future and move swiftly to prepare for whats to come. We must get ready for tomorrow today. Thats what our 2020 Vision is all about. It creates a long-term destination for our business and provides us with a Roadmap for winning together with our bottler partners (http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/mission_vision_values.html) Benchmarking is the comparison of performance in one organisation or part of an organization against that in another, with a view to finding ways of improving performance. (Needle, D.2004:433) This avails the company the opportunity to take corrective measures actions. Recommendation It is recommended that coca- cola should take immediate action to launch and promote environmental impact assessment of locations before citing their plants for operations.coca-cola should also The International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact assessment as the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made.[1]

Ann Petry’s Short Story Like a Winding Sheet Essay -- Ann Petry Windin

Ann Petry’s Short Story "Like a Winding Sheet" In Ann Petry’s 1945 short story "Like a Winding Sheet,". Johnson is a black male struggling with racism and societal pressures. Johnson faces many challenges. As one reads, one cannot help but feel his anger, frustration and tenseness. Petry tells it in the following way, "The knowledge that he had struck her seeped through him slowly and he was appalled but he couldn’t drag his hands away from her face." Petry goes on further to tell us, "He had lost all control over his hands." This rage Johnson is experiencing is described as a "winding sheet". Johnson’s everyday routine causes anger and frustration to build up inside him. Get up, go to work and come home; get up, go to work and come home. The routines...

Bush Negroes

Columbus’ discovery of the New World in the late 15th century led to the establishment of colonies by European powers in that area. Eventually, the introduction of sugar in the Mid-17th Century gave rise to what would be known as the Sugar Revolution. A massive influx of slaves from Africa was seen during this period, as sugar required a substantial labour force.However, with hundreds and thousands of slaves being imported and only a few thousand whites to match them, the use of repressive measures through legal, psychological, cultural and physical means to control the slaves’ movement and to keep them on the plantation was of utmost importance in order to make up for this deficit. The horrors of slavery were so great that, even though they risked severe punishment, some slaves attempted to flee from their plantations. In fact, entire communities were established by runaway slaves in British Guiana and Jamaica.Moreover, these slaves, known as the Bush Negroes of Surina m and the Maroons of Jamaica, were able to survive despite the efforts of the Europeans to bring them back under their control. These two groups shared many similarities as well as differences, whether it both communities fighting with and making treaties with the Europeans or the fact that they defended their settlements differently. Also, they were differences between the social and political structure of these two settlements.To start with, both settlements fought with and made treaties with the Europeans. Also, both of these treaties were broken at some point in time. With the Maroons, two wars took place, the first after which the British Government in Jamaica came to an agreement with them. This treaty gave the Maroons freedom and possession of all the lands lying between Trelawney Town and Cockpit Country. In return, the Maroons’ promised not to attack white planters, help return all runaway slaves and assist the Government against external enemies or internal revolt.T he second war came about in 1795 as the Maroons felt they were being mistreated under the treaty that ended the first war. Eventually, the Maroons surrendered to end the war. The Maroon  leaders and Major-General George Walpole established that the  Maroons  would beg on their knees for the King's forgiveness, return all runaway slaves, and be relocated elsewhere in Jamaica. On the other hand, The Bush Negroes of Surinam made a treaty with the Dutch that granted them reedom and the right to occupy the interior, in exchange for them not stirring up slave revolts or raiding plantations. The Bush Negroes complied for thirty years, but eventually they resumed their raids on the European plantations. Despite their similarities, however, the settlements of the Bush Negroes of Surinam and the Maroons of Jamaica were different in many aspects, especially in terms of how they were defended. The Bush Negroes lived in circular clearings, with their dwellings being in the centre and their crops surrounding them.Their settlements were built in such a way that the lowest growing crops were closest to their dwellings and their highest being at the circle’s exterior. This was done for cover as well as food. More permanent settlements were surrounded by a â€Å"moat† (a deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle, fort or ton that is usually filled with water). The thick forest of the interior was perhaps the greatest protection that the Bush Negroes had, as it could only be penetrated by the use of rivers which, further into the interior, had rapids.The Maroon Settlements, like those of the Bush Negroes, were constructed with security foremost. The Maroons lived in the mountains, with the lower levels being more easily accessible and the upper levels more inaccessible. Few, if any British soldiers reached the upper levels of Maroon settlements. However, the Maroons also developed camouflage and ambush techniques in order to defend their settlements. For example, â€Å"bushing up† was a commonly used method of camouflage, as it would make them impossible to spot against the trees and plants that surrounded them.The Maroons would also bathe in a mountain stream, scrubbing their bodies with the leaves of a certain plant that gave them a fresh lemon scent. Then they would lie in wait in the brush that emitted the same odour, which would camouflage their scent. Additionally, there were differences in the political structures of these two settlements, as exemplified by the fact that the Bush Negro settlements were more politically and socially structured than those of the Maroons. The Bush Negroes were organised under leaders in a quasi-military (i. e. aving some resemblance to the military) life, with the lowest ranks performing the jobs that required little or no skill, such as subsistence (i. e. to maintain or support with provisions) and plundering the plantations on a nightly basis. On Maroon settlements, however, political and socia l structures such as these were non-existent. In conclusion, The Bush Negroes of Surinam and The Maroons of Jamaica were communities that consisted of slaves who, after enduring the horrors of slavery, took the risk of fleeing their plantations and established free communities.These two groups shared many similarities and differences, whether it was in their battles and treaties with the Europeans or the way in which they protected their settlements The focus of this extract was to show the similarities and differences between two settlements that consisted of slaves from who fled their plantations to escape the horrors of slavery, even though they risked severe punishment while doing so. From their battles and treaties with the Europeans to the way in which they protected their settlements and their political and social structures, these two groups were very similar, and at the same time, different.

The Hobbit, By. R. Tolkien Essay - 1527 Words

For years, people of all ages have enjoyed â€Å"The Hobbit,† by J.R.R. Tolkien, causing a debate over whether or not this novel should be defined as a ‘children’s book.’ After all, it contains many stereotypes of a children’s book, including moral lessons and character growth, yet, avid fans debate that it includes depth and darkness that heighten it to the level of adults. In the end, does it really matter how people view it from the outside? What might otherwise be important is the content it contains. Bilbo Baggins, a small character who goes on huge adventures; someone who has become known throughout the fantasy world and has left a footprint bigger than a giant’s. However, this seems like an awfully large reputation for somebody who seems so meek and homely towards the beginning of his journey. Luckily, over the course of his pilgrimage to the Lonely Mountain, he grows in ways that have enabled this persona. Not only does he learn about the world he lives in, but he also becomes more courageous and mature throughout the journey as well. This in total transforms him from the weak link of his traveling company, into the person who become invaluable to finding peace and closure from their quest. Hobbits, as a species, are introduced by the infamous first lines, â€Å"In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit... it was a hobbit-hole, and that means comfort† (Tolkien 3). In fact, the ideals of Hobbit society, Bilbo’s home values, emphasize the ordinary and habitual, whileShow MoreRelatedThe Hobbit By J. R. Tolkien703 Words   |  3 PagesPeople like stories that contain much action and adventure. Such stories are real exciting and fun to read. The Hobbit By J. R. Tolkien is able to convey a great story through its characters, thematic elements, and literary features. There is something however, that is able to have a major effect on a story. That is supernatural events. These events are something withi n a story that the common audience would not firstly expect to occur. It is of these happenings that make a story that little moreRead MoreR. Tolkien s The Hobbit1951 Words   |  8 PagesBoth J. R. R. Tolkien‘s The Hobbit and C.S. Lewis’s The Lion The Which and the Wardrobe are classic novels that are recognized as some of the best works of the 20th century. Tolkien was a famous writer from Bloemfontein, South Africa, born on January 3, 1892, while Lewis was born only a few years later in Belfast, Ireland on November 29, 1898 (Biography.com Editors). They have both had so many great affects on literature, and in particular the fantasy genre, because both The Hobbit, and The LionRead MoreThe Hobbit, By. R. Tolkien1570 Words   |  7 PagesI. Subject The Hobbit, written by J.R.R. Tolkien, tells of the hardships and struggles of Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit who lives in a hobbit hole named Bag End. Bilbo is â€Å"hired† by a party of dwarves to go on an adventure to get their stolen gold from the lonely mountain. The only catch is that the mountain is guarded by the dragon, Smaug. Bilbo goes on a quest throughout Wilderland meeting enemies like Trolls, Elves in the Elven hall, and Goblins in the Goblin tunnels. Bilbo discovers an importantRead MoreThe Hobbit, By. R Tolkien1519 Words   |  7 Pagesadventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man.† A hero is willing to take a journey to accomplish something through hard work and determination, no matter how difficult the challenges are. In the critically acclaimed novel, The Hobbit, by J.R.R Tolkien, the protagonist, Bilbo Baggins is described as to be an unlikely hero. Bilbo is thrown into a situation in which he must choose between two different lifestyles and to overcome his fears to accomplish his quest. Throughout the story, BilboRead MoreThe Hobbit, By. R Tolkien993 Words   |  4 Pagescourageous behavior to that of a hero. During the progression of the novel, The Hobbit, by J.R.R Tolkien, a clear resemblance of heroism has been shown by many characters throughout. However, when aske d to define the term â€Å"hero,† the majority of people would describe a physically strong man, who’s tall and stands in the face of danger; people such as Beowulf, Sir Gawain, and King Arthur. In contrast to that common stereotype, Tolkien describes nothing but an undersized and feeble farmer named Bilbo BagginsRead MoreThe Hobbit: by J. R. R. Tolkien Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pages J. R. R. Tolkien’s book The Hobbit was written in 1937, and the first third was made into a movie in 2012. The first movie is called The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey. The second movie, made in 2013, is called The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug. There is a third movie to be released that will be called The Hobbit: There and Back Again. 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Once the key stages have been confirmed for each piece of literature we can then begin toRead MoreThe Tolkien s The Hobbit1509 Words   |  7 Pages The inspiring novel, The Hobbit, written by J. R. R. Tolkien, definitely deserves the right to be considered a timeless classic. Tolkien uses the main character, Bilbo Baggins, a well respected hobbit, to explain how fast one’s life can change. Mr. Baggins doesn’t believe he will go on an adventure through Middle-Earth the day Gandalf comes to Bag End to tell him so. Nor does he think the many races he only heard of in stories, will face him in the mountain pass. As the expedition takes the reader